HALE. 465 HALE. HALE, Benjamin (1797-1863). An American educator. He was born at Newbury, Mass. ; graduated at Bowdoin College (1818), studied theology at Andover, and entered the Congre- gational ministry in 1822. The next year he be- came a tutor at Bowdoin. and from 1.S27 to I8;i."> was professor of chemistry and mineralogy at Dartmouth. While there he took orders in the Protestant Episcopal Church. From 1836 to 1858 he was president of Geneva (now Hobart) College. He published: tfcriptiiral Illustrations of the Liturgy ( 1835) : Liberty and Law { 1838) ; and Education in Its Relations to a Free Gorern- ment (1838). Consult Douglass, Life of Benja- min Hale (1883). HALE, Cn.RLEs Reuben (1837-1900). An American bishop of the Protestant Episcopal Church, born at Lewiston, Pa. He graduated at the University of Pennsylvania (1858); was a chaplain in the Union Army (1803) ; and after varied service in Pennsylvania, New York, and -Maryland, became Dean of Davenport, Iowa (1886), and six years later Assistant Bishop of Springfield, with the title of Bishop of Cairo. A High-Churchman in his theology. Bishop Hale was a prominent sympathizer with the Greek Church; was secretary to the Eusso-Greek Committee in 1871, and acted as clerk to the Commission on Correspondence with the hierarchs of the Eastern churches and of the Old Catholics (1874). His writings include: .1 List of All the Sees and Bishops of the Holy Orthodox Church of the East ( 1872) ; The Mozarahic Liturgy, and the itexiciin Church (1870) ; Russian Missions in China and Japan (1878) ; Order for Holy Communion, Ar- ranged from the Mozarabic Liturgy (1879); and The Vniiersal Episcopate (1882). HALE, Edward Everett (1823—). An American author, clergyman, and philanthropist, born of a well-known family in Boston, Ma-ss., April 3. 1823. He was educated at the Boston Latin School, graduated at Harvard in 1839. and received an honorary degree forty years later. ' After a short period of tutoring he studied the- ology, and was a Unitarian pastor at Worcester from 1840 to 1850. After that he preached in Boston, and took an active interest in all the philanthropic movements of his city and time. A collected edition of his works, in ten volumes, was completed in 1901, but it represents only a small portion of his literary work. He contrib- uted voluminously to magazines and newspapers, and edited several of them ; for example, the Christian Examiner and Old and Sew (1869-75), a magazine of which he was founder, and which finally was merged into Scribner's Monthly. He also took great interest in history, and especially in Spanish-American affairs; contributed to Win- sor's great cooperative histories ; edited Lingard's England; and wrote a CJiautauquan History of the United States (1887) ; a Life of Washington (1887) ; Franklin in France, with his son, E. E. Hale, Jr. (1887-88) ; and other kindred works. With his sister. Susan Hale, he wrote several volumes of travels. In .1 ew England Boyhood (1893) and in James Russell Luuell and His Friends (1889), he gave his reminiscences of New England and New Englanders of the past. But he is perhaps best known for his fiction, and especially for one short story, the famous and efTective Man M'iihout a Countrg. published anonymously in the Atlantic Monthly in 1863, and collected with other stories in a volume five years afterwards. Another short story. My Double, and How He Undid Me, published in the same ])eriodical in 1859, also attracted great at- tention, as well as his "Skeleton in the Closet," which ai)pcared in the (lalaxy in 1806. But his most iiilUicutial book is his Ten Times One is Ten (1870), which led to the formation of many charitable organizations — Lend- a -Hand clubs. King's Daughters, etc. Mention may also be made of The Ingham Papers (1S09) ; and an elaborate piece of historical fiction, Philip Xolan's Friends (1876), a romance of the early Southwest. His Memories of a Hundred Years appeared in 1902. HALE, EiGENE (1830—). An American legislator, born at Turner. Maine. He studied law at Portland, and was admitted to the bar in 1857. From the Maine Legislature, to which he was elected again in 1880, he was sent to the Forty-first Congress in 1868, and was four times reelected. During his Congressional ca- reer he served on the Committee on A]ipropria- tions, and during his last term was chairman of the Republican Congressional Committee. Hale was a delegate to the Republican conventions of 1808, 1870, and 1880, and strongly urged the nomination of Blaine in the last two. He de- clined the Post-office portfolio in Gi"ant's second Cabinet (1874), and, after service in Grant's 'private commission' for the canvass of the Presi- dential vote in Louisiana (1876), refused the post of Secretary of the Na'y ofl'ered him by President Hayes in 1877. In 1871 he married !Mary Chandler, daughter of Senator Chandler of Jlichigan. He was elected to the Senate in 1881 to succeed Hannibal Hamlin, and was reelected in 1887, 1893, and 1899. HALE, George Ellert (1808—). An Ameri- can astronomer, born in Chicago. He was edu- cated at the Massachusetts Institute of Tech- nology (1890), at the Observatory of Harvard College (1889-90), and at Berlin ("1893-94). In 1890 he was appointed director of the Kenwood Astrophysical Observatory. He was professor of astrophysics at Beloit College from 1891 to 1893, lecturer in the same subject at Northwestern University, and associate professor in the Uni- versity of Chicago until 1897, when he was made full professor. In 1896 he was appointed director of Yerkes Observatory. Hale made special study of spectroscopy, and invented the spectrohelio- graph. He was joint editor of Astronomy and Asfro])hjisics from 1892 to 1895, when he became editor of the Astrophysical Journal. HALE, Horatio (1817-96). An American ethnologist. He was born in Newport. N. H., the son of Mrs. Sarah J. Hale (q.v. ). graduated at Harvard in 1837, and accompanied, as philologist, the United States exploring expedition under Wilkes. He made a careful study of the lan- guages and customs of the Pacific islands, and subsequently published the results of his investi- gations in his Ethnography and Philology (1840). After his return he pursued his studies inde- pendently, especially among the Indians of Cana- da. He was admitted to the Chicago bar in 185.'), but soon removed to Clinton, Ontario, where he afterwards lived. He was a member of many learned societies, and in 1886 was president of the anthropology' section of the -American Asso- ciation for the Advancement of Science. His writings include: hidian Migrations as Evi-
