HANKOW. 530 HANN. grief, and many lives are lost, notwithstanding of earthenware and line porcelain. It has coal the efforts of the stanch, splendidl_v managed and iron iiiiiics, iron furnaces and foundries, and "Ked Boats' of the native Life-Saving .Society, brick-works. The principal portion of the town w hose stations are found throughout the w hole is on an elevated site : the streets, wide and regu- eourse of the Yang-tse. lar, are brick-paved, and there are many hand- In 1900 the gross value of the trade of the some residences. The chief buildings are the port, according to the report of the Imperial town hall^ mechanics' institute, museum, in- -Maritime Customs, amounted to .$56,513,103, lirmary, national and board schools. There is a against .$65,432,903 in 1899. the decrease of near- fine park. The town owns an electric-light plant, ly $9,000,000 being due to the Boxer movement in and maintains markets, baths, a cemetery, a free the north and the consequent general unrest in technical museum, and free libraries. It utilizes the Yang-tse 'alley. Of tliis, foreign imports its sewage for the manufacture of fertilizers, amounted to $19,595,371, as follows: From Chi- llanley's rise dates from the inception of the pot- nese ports, $19,017,810; the Continent of Europe lei-y industry. It has absorbed the former town- ( excluding Russia), $338,702; Japan, $144,975; ship of Shelton. and it received a municipal con- Hong Kong, $75,488; the United States. $18,409. stitution in 1857. Population, in 1891. 55,000; The chief imports of foreign origin were: Opium, in 1901, 61,500. 43,855 pounds; cotton piece-goods, 1,684,237 HANLIN YUAN, han-len' yoo-wan' (Chin., pieces; cotton yarn. 30,94o.o9o pounds: woolen (^•oHeo,. ,jf the Forest of Pencils). The National goods, 48,886 pieces: metals, 3,563,242 pounds Academv of China, membership in which is the (including 18,201 pieuls of lead for lining tea- highest "literary honor China has to bestow on her chests). Among the 'sundries,' kerosene oil fig- scholars. It was founded by the Emperor Hsiian nres as 12,854,380 gallons. The chief exports are Tsuiig in 725, first as a coterie of scholars and tea, rice, silk, tobacco, beans, coal. hemp, hides, poets" whose society he courted, then as a learned vegetable wax. medicines, and wood-oil. Tea is body of copyists engaged in multiplying books. alwaj'S one of the largest items. In 1900. 36,306.- Lo-yang, in Ho-nan, then the capital, was its 654 pounds, value $4,356,624, were exported di- home; since then it has shared the fortunes of rect to foreign countries, and 26,441,654 pounds, successive dynasties, and has been in Peking since value $3,176,534, to Chinese ports, whence no 1403. During the 'Boxer' trouble of 1900 it was doubt much of it was re-exported to foreign coun- purposely burned down. Its members are the tries. These figures include the large quantity historiographers of the country, the compilers of sent overland via Kiakhta to Russia, as well as its great encyclopiedias, editors and conimenta- that sent by direct steamer to Odessa— usually tors of its classics, etc.. and have charge of liter- the finest black tea which can be produced. One ^'7 matters in general, or are drafted off to the of the items of export to Europe was 4665 tons provinces as superintendents of education, liter- of crushed antimony ore (obtained from the ary chancellors, etc Its membership is made up Province of Kwei-chow). crushed, dried, and of honor men at the Irienmal examinations at packed in bags in Wu-chang. f|^>"g- ^ee Martin, Hanlm Papers (New York, The shipping engaged in this great commerce is ffiven in the Customs Report for 1900 as HANTVCER, Sir Thomas (1677-1746). An follows: ^ Englisli statesman and scholar. He was educated at Westminster and at Christ Church. Oxford; Steamers ENTKEED Inward ^^.^^ elected to Parliament for Suffolk (1701), British 510 carrying 567,747 tons and in 1713 became Speaker of the House of !TalfaTOse":::":::::;:;:::";":::":'.:::"y.:'.;u2 ■• uliu " commons. He retired from politics in 1727 and Gprmaii. !!!!!!!!!!!!!!.!!!!!!!!.."..".!.!....., .107 •■ 115,800 ■• devoted himself to literature. He published Rii8sian 8 " 16,024 •• (1744) an edition of Shakespeare, with illustra- Swedish ana Norwegian 6 " 4,459 " ,. > r, i j. ^ c -i- i i tions by Gravelot, a work of no critical value. The number of steamers clearing outward was but of splendid typography. Pope, in the 1162, and the cargo carried, 1,049,704 tons, the Dunciad. alludes to him under the name Ifon- different nationalities being represented in about falto (book iv.. 105). the same proportion. HANN, han, Julius (1839—). A German ■Hankow is one of the principal stations of the pliysical geographer and meteorologist, born near great trunk railway which is to connect Peking iJnz (Upper Austria). He was educated at the in the north with Canton in the south. The University of Vienna, became a lecturer there Hankow-Peking section (called the Lu-Han Rail- on meteorology in 1S6S. and in 1873 professor of way) is already well advanced toward Hsin-yang, physical geogi-aphy. Having held a professor- 346 miles north of Hankow. The Hankow station ship at Gratz from 1897 to 1900. he returned to is a few miles below the foreign settlement, but Vienna in the latter year to occupy the chair of a branch with the necessary stations runs to the cosmic physics. In 1866 he established with Han beliind the foreign settlements. Hankow .lelinek the Zcitschrift der Oesterreichischen Gc- and the neighboring cities were all but destroyed sellscliaft fiir Meteorolor/ic. and in 1877 was ap- during the Tai-ping Rebellion. (See H.^n-yang pointed director of the Central-Anstalt fiir jUe- and Wr-CHANG.) Consult Scidmore, China, the teorologie und Erdmagnetismus of Vienna, and Long-lived Empire (New Y'ork, 1900) . elected to the .'cademy of Sciences. His re- HANTLiEY. A manufacturing town and mu- searches dealing with such questions as the theory nicipal borough in Staffordshire. England, on of storms, the decrease of temperature attendant the North Stiiffordshire Railway, and on a branch upon increased elevation, and the violent south of the Trent and Mersey Canal, two and one-half wind known to the Swiss as the Fohn. are exten- niiles from Newcastle-under-Lyme (Map: Eng- sive. His publications include: Astronomiwhr land, D 3). It is known as 'The Metropolis of Geogruphie und Phgsik dcr Erde for the AUge- the Potteries,' and is famous for its manufactures meinc Erdkunde (4th ed. 1886) of Hochstetter
