HARLAN. 566 HARLEQUIN. tary of the Interior. In 1866 he resigned from the Cabinet to reenter the iSenate, to which he had been reelected for a third term, and lie continued as one of the Republican leaders in that body until 1872, when lie was defeated for reelection by William B. Allison. From 1882 to 1885 he was presiding judge of tlie Court of Commissioners of Alabama Claims at Washington. HARLAN, John Marshall (1833—). An American jurist, born in Boyle County, Ky. He graduated at Centre College in 1850, and at the law department of Transylvania University in 1853; |)racticed his profession for a time at Frankfort, and became judge of Franklin County in 1858. From 1861 to 1863 he served in the Fed- eral Army as colonel of the Tenth Kentucky Infantr.y, and from 1863 to 1867 was Attorney- General of Kentucky. He was a Republican can- didate for Congress in 1871 and 1875, but was each time defeated, and in 1877 was appointed by President Hayes a member of the Louisiana Com- mission, which was formed to inquire into and so far as possible remove the obstacles to regiilar procedures mider the laws and Constitution of the State, so that a single Legislature might come to be recognized, and the Government be maintained with armed resistance. In November, 1877, he was ajipointed an associate justice of the United States Supreme Court, where his conduct was marked by legal capability and intellectual vigor. When the constitutionality of the Wilson TaritT Act of 1894. providing for an income tax. was questioned, and a test case was brought before the Supreme Court, lie was one of the four jus- tices who upheld the validity of the instrument. HAR'LAND, Heinet (1861—). An American novelist, born at Saint Petersburg, Russia. March, 1861. He was educated at the College of the City of New York and at Ilaixard. and. after travel- ing in Europe as a correspondent and serving for a time in the Surrogate's Office in New York City, removed to London, where, among other labors, he edited The Yellow Book. Among his novels niav be named As It Was Written (1885) ; Mrs. I'ei'xada (1886) ; The Land of Lore (1887) ; The 'n/.-e of the Thora (1887) : Mi/ Vnele Florimond (1888) ; Mr. Sonnenschein's Inheritance (1888) ; .1 Latin Quarter Coiirt.^hip (1889). Later he produced 1/crt Culpa (1893), and won deserved success with The Cardinal's Snnffbox (1900) and The Lady Paramount (1902). His earlier novels, which dealt with American .Jewish life, were written under the name of 'Sidney Luska.' HARLAND, Martox. The pseudonym of the American novelist Mary Virginia Hawes Terhime (q.v.). HAR'LAW. A locality in Scotland, about 18 miles northwest of Aberdeen, noted as the scene of a battle fought .July 24, 1411. between the Highlanders under Donald. Lord of the Isles, and the forces of the Lowlands under Alexander Stewart, Earl of ilar. The Higlilanders were de- feated n-ith the loss of nearly 1000 men. The battle of Harlaw passed into legend as one of the most desperate attempts on the part of the Celtic tribes of Scotland to stem the tide of Anglo-Norman invasion. HARLAY DE SANCY, de saN'se', Nicolas. See Sancy, Nicola.s de Hahlai' de. HARLEIAN (htir-le'an) COLLECTION. A valuable collection of manuscripts in the British IMuseum (q.v.), consisting of 7639 volumes and 14,230 original rolls, charters, deeds, and other legal documents. The collection, made by Robert Harley, lirst Earl of Oxford (1661-1724), and by his son, Edward Harley (1689-1741), was pur- chased by the English Government from Lady Oxford in 1753 for £10.000. and deposited in the British Jluseum. The collection is indexed. Con- sult Life and Times of Uohert Hurley, Earl of Oxford (New York, 1902). HAR'LEM. A town in the Netherlands. See Haaklem. HARLEM. A village in Cook County, 111., nine miles from the Chicago court-house; on the Chicago and Northwestern, the Illinois Cen- tral, and other railroads. It is mainly a residential suburb of Chicago, and lias the well-known Harlem race-track. There are sev- eral cemeteries here, among them Forest Home and Waldheim cemeteries, the latter of note as the site of a monument to the anarcliists who were executed for complicity in the riots of 1886. (See Chicago.) Settled in 1854, Harlem was in- corporated in 1883. It is governed by a presi- dent, annually elected, and a board of trustees, chosen on a general ticket. The water-works and electric-light plant are owned and operated by the municipality. Population, in 1900, 4085. HARLEM. A local name for that part of New York City above 106th Street between the f^ast and Harlem rivers and Eighth Avenue. Originallj' a separate settlement, for many years it was a quaint Dutch village, mainly of private residences surrounded by gardens and farms. It was noted for abundance of shade-trees, and the sleepy quietness so quaintly described by Wash- ington Irving in the Kniclcerboeker's Bistorii of Xeie York. The designation is often applied, in a loose sense, to the entire northern portion of the city. HARLEM RIVER. A tidal channel about 500 feet wide, separating ^Manhattan Island. New York City, from the mainland, and extending from the Hudson at Spuyten Duyvil Creek seven miles southeast to the East River at Randall's Island (Map: Greater New York. D 4). A short ship-canal across the northern end of Manhattan Island, between the Hudson and the Harlem, was opened in 1895. The Harlem is spanned by a number of bridges, the finest being Washington Bridge and High Bridge, the latter an aqueduct bridge. A magnificent roadway, known as the Speedway, has beer, constructed along the west- ern shore of the Harlem. On a lofty eminence on the opposite shore are the beautiful buildings of New York University. HARLEQUIN (OF. harlequin. Fr. arlequin, Ital. arhcchino, from OF. herleguin, herlekin, hellequin, hellekin. demon, from the Germanic; cf. AS. helle ejinn. folk of hell; scarcely from It. il leehino. plate-lieker, in allusion to the gluttony of the primitive Harlequin). One of the most noted of the conventional personages in pan- tomime (q.v.). The character developed in the early popular comedies of Italy {com media dell' arte). Attempts to trace him back to the Roman AtellancF and the mimic Sannio. through the Italian word zanni, are inconclusive. When the persons in the extempore comedv represented local types. Harlequin stood for Bergamo, just as did his brother zanni, Seapiuo, commonly for
