HARVEST AND HAKVESTING. 611 HARVEY. part from the stem by a twist of the fruit. For local markets the truit may be allowed to be- come riper. Again, these factors iletcniiiiie the style ami size of the paeka^'e and many other details which, since they properly belong to the sale of fruit rather than to harvesting, will be found discussed under the title JIakkets anu JlAkKETiNQ. See also Hohticultcire; Fhuits, Cli.riVATED; and articles upon individual fruits. HARVEST-FISH (so called from the time of its annual appearance). An edible fish of the rudder-fish family (Stromateida») . also called 'butter-fish' or "dollar-fish,' and iafayettc.' The common Northern sjiccies { h'lioiiihiis liiacniilliiis) is al cut seven inches in length ; is related to z nd resembles in its compressed oval shape the pom- jjano; and when first taken from the water dis- plays brilliant shifting, iridescent colors. They are an excellent pan-fish, tasting like mackerel, ROUTHERN HAKVE8T-F18H. {Rbonibus paru). and are extensivel}' caught off New Jersey and New England in midsummer (at harvest-time). A southern species (Uhoinbiis Faru) ranges from Chesapeake Bay to Brazil, is greenish above and golden below, and is a favorite in the Virginia coast markets. Other species in the West Indies and California are highly prized. HARVEST-FIiY. The popular name in the United States for several species of cicada, be- cause they make their appearance in harvest. See Cicada. HARVEST - MAN, Daddy - Long - Legs, or Grandfather Greybeard. An arachnidan of the order Phalangidie. These creatures are of world- wide distribution, and are very common in most parts of the United States and in South America. One blind form inhabits Mammoth Cave, Ken- tuclcy. The majority of the family may be recog- nized by their short bodies and long, stilt-like legs, bowed or elevated in the middle, so that the body of the insect is almost on the ground. They have a very characteristic and disagi'eeable smell. The eyes are two in number, and the mandibles are pincer-like. There is only one pair of spiracles on the lower side of the body at the junction of the ceplialothorax and .abdomen. The crane-flies of the dipterous family Tipulid.ne are called 'daddy-long-legs' in Europe, and should not be confused with these araebnida. The har- vest-men are said to feed on small insects, espe- cially aphids; but C. M. Weed states that they are much more apt to feed on insects found dead than to kill living ones. They are abundant in woods and fields from middle summer until late autumn, and are likely to collect in sheds, out- houses, barns, and even houses, or on bare rocks or tree-trimks. Very few species survive the winter as adults. Most of them lay their eggs in the ground in the autumn. BlULiOGRAi'UV. Weed, "A Descriptive Cata- logue of the i'lialangiina; of Illinois," in liullctin of the Illinois Htate Laboralory of Natural His- tory, vol. ii. (Urbana, 1884-88); Say, "Account of the Arachnides of the United States," in Journal of the I'hiladcliihiii Academy of Natural Sciences, vol. ii. (Philadelphia, 1821); W'ood, "On the Phalangid.T. of the United States," in Essex Institute liulletin, vol. vi. (Salem, 1874) ; Wood, Canadian Entomologist, vol. xvi. (London, 1874). HARVEST-MITE. See Mite. HARVEST MOON. The moon does not rise at the same time every night, on account of her changing position in the sky caused by her orbital motion around the earth. Each night the rising 1- later; and the retardation, as it is called, aver- 1 res about -lO minutes. In the latitude of New ork the maximum retardation is I hour 17 min- utes, and the minimum. "2.3 minutes. In higher latitudes the range of the retardation may be even greater, and the niininnini retardation may descend to nil. When the retardation is a minimum at the time of full moon, farmers have the advantage of strong moon- light almost all night on several successive nights; for, the retardation being small, the moon rises at nearly the same time each night a ? she does on the night of full moon. As this state of atTairs is very favorable to harvesting, this full moon is called the harvest moon. It is always the full moon occurring nearest the date of the autumnal equinox (q.v. ), September 2"2d. HAR'VEY. A city in Cook County, 111., 20 miles south of the Chicago court-house, on the Illinois Central, the Cleveland, Cincinnati. Chi- cago and Saint Louis, and other railroads. It is a residential suburb of Chic-ago, and also an industrial centre. The principal manufactures include mining and ditcliing machinery, gas stoves, automobiles, and railroad supplies. Har- vey, founded in 1891, and incorporated the suc- ceeding year, is governed by a mayor elected every two vears, and a council. Population, in ISOO. .5395." HARVEY, Gabriel (c.1545-I630). An Eng- lish author. He was born at Saffron Walden. and educated at Cambridge, where he took his B.A. degree in 1570. and was elected fellow of Pem- broke Hall a few months later, and master of Trinity Hall in 1585. He passed most of his life at the university. He was involved with Robert Greene and Thomas Nash in one of the most notorious personal controversies of the time, to which his own contributions are specimens of the most abusive style of Elizabethan prose. He is best known as the friend of Sidney and of Spen- ser, who has celebrated him under the name of Hobbinol in the Shepheard's Calendar, and as a leading member of the school which vigorously endeavored to enforce tipon Englishmen the strict rules of classical metre and dramatic construc- tion. He asserted that he was the first English poet to naturalize the dactylic hexameter, and he induced Spenser to abandon for a time the use of rhyme. Consult: his Worls, ed. A. B, Grosart. privately printed in eight volumes (London. 18S4- 85), and Letter Book', ed, Scott (ib., 1884).
