HASSARD. 618 HASSENPFLUG. editml the Catholic ^yorld, and in 186G joined the editorial stall' of the New York Tribune, lie became widely known as a graphic correspond- ent, and also as a musical critic of rare eajjacity and judgment. After the death of George Kip- ley (1880), he was also literary editor of the Tribiiiw. In 1878, with Grosvenor, also of the Trihanc, lie deciphered the telegrams which were thought to proc corruption on the part of the Dcuiucratie National Comniittee, or of Tilden's friends, in the disjmted election of 1876. Among his publications are: a Life of Archbishop Hughes (18(i(j) ; The Ring of the Nibelung (1877) ; Life of Pius IX. (1878) ; and A Pickwickian Pilgrim- age (1881). HASSE, hiis'sc. Fkieuhich Rudolf (1S08-G2). .V German Protestant Church historian. He was born in Dresden. June 20. 1808, educated at Leip- zig and Berlin, and at the latter university first took up the study of Anselm of Canterbury. In 1834 he began to lecture in Berlin on Church his- tory, and went to Greifswald as extraordinary professor of Church history in 1836; thence in 1841 in the same capacity to Bonn, where he be- came full professor (1849). He made his reputa- tion bv his masterly work on Anselm — vol. i., Life (1843) : vol. ii.'. Theology (18.52). He died at Bonn, October 14, 1802. After his death his lecture oiitlines upon the GesHtichte dcs alten Buncles (1863), and Kirchcngeschichte (1864; ed. bv W. Engelmann, 1872), appeared. For his life, consult Krafft (Bonn, 1865). HASSE, Jon.iNN Adolph (1699-1783). A German dramatic composer, born at Bergedorf, near Hamburg. In 1718 he became a tenor at the Hamburg Opera, and in 1722 became con- nected with the Brunswick Theatre, where the next year his first ojiera. Antignnus, was pro- duced. In 1724 he went to Italy, studying w-ith Porpora and A. Scarlatti. In 1731 Augustus Ihe Strong appointed liim kapellmeister and director of the opera at Dresden, and his wife, the celebrated singer, Faustina Bordini. was engaged as prima donna. While in that city lie was involved in a bitter rivalry w-ith Por- pora and Mingotti, and it was not until after their departure that Hasse became supreme. At the siege of Dresden, in 1760, he sufTered great losses, many of his manuscripts being destroyed. His operas, some of the best of which were com- posed during his stay in Italy, were extremely popular, among the best of them being: II Seso- strate (1720) ■' Aftalo, re di Bitinia (1728) ; and Dalisa (1730). In his seventy-fifth year he pro- duced at Jlilan his last opera, linggiero, in celeliration of the marriage of the Archduke Fer- dinand. His music was marked by great natural- ness of expression and charming melody. In ad- dition to over a hundred operas, he wrote ten oratorios, five Te Deuins, and numerous instru- mental pieces and sacred compositions. HASSE.XQTJIST, ha.s'spl-kwist, Fredkik (1722- .')2). A Sw-edish naturalist, born at Torne- valla. East Gothland, and educated at Upsala. In 1749 he undertook a journey to Palestine. He spent the winter in Smyrna, and the next year in Cairo, where he studied the ebb and flow of the Nile, and later proceeded to the Holy Land. He died near Smyrna, on his return. Linnteus pub- lished liis Iter Palwstinum ( 1757 ; translated into English, 1766). HASSELT, has'solt. The capital of the Bel- gian Province of Limburg, situated on the left bank of the Demer, 49% miles by rail from Ant- werp, and 19 miles from the Netherlands fron- tier (Map; Belgium, D 4). It has manufactures of tobacco, laces, linen, and chicory. The town possesses a theological and a teachers' seminary and an industrial school. Population, in 18U0, 13,250; in 1900, 15,249. Here the Dutch gained a victory over the Belgians on August 6, 18^. HASSELT, a'sal', ANURIi Henri Constant VAN (1800-74). A Belgian historian and poet, born at Waestrieht, and educated at Li&ge and Ghent. He was employed in the Royal Library at Brussels; Was appointed inspector of primary education (1843) and of normal schools (1850); and edited the old French Romans de Cleomadcs (1805). He compiled; Het gouden Boeksken (18-15) ; Coiirs de litteraiure franaaise (1801); and Let^on.t choisics de litteraiure francaise (1805). His prose works include: Histoire de Rubens (1840); Les Beiges aux Croisades (1840); and Histoire des Beiges (1848); and among his poems mention should he made of; I'oesies (1852-57); Primeveres (1854); Poemes, parabolas, odes et 6tudes rhythmiques (1862); Les quatre incarnations du Christ (2d ed. 1872)' ; and Le livre des ballades (1872). He also wrote juveniles under the pseudonym 'Alfred d'Aveline' or 'Charles Andre." and some Flemish poetry under the name '.Tan van Limburg.' HASSENEKATZ, a'saN'fri'its', Jean Henri (1755-1827). A French scientist, born in Paris. He studied under Monge. became a geographical engineer (1780)^ and after three years' study of mining, entered Lavoisier's lalioratory. He was an ardent Jacobin, n member of flie Assembly which decided the fate of the Girondists, and was instrumental in postponing the decree against them. Throughout the Revolution lie was active in providing military material, in re- organizing military schools, and in founding (lie Ecole Centrale de Trjivaux Publics, in whieli he was professor of mineralogy and physical geog- raphy, and which later became the Polytechnic School. In 1795 he led the bands of the Faubourg Saint-JIarceau in their attack on the Conven- tion, and had to leave Paris until the general amnesty of that year. In 1797 he became profes- sor of physics at the School of Mines, and taught until 1814. when he retired. Besides con- tributions to the .innales de Chimie and the Journal des Mines, he wrote; Manuel niili- tiiire (1790); Geographic elementaire (5th ed. 1809) ; Cours rcroluiionnaire d'administration militnire (1794); Tableau de minh-alogie (1796); Cours de physique celeste (1803); Hidcrotechnie (1804). HASSENPFL'UG, has'rn-pflooG, Hans Da- niel Li-nwic, Fr.iEDHion (1794-1862). A Hes- sian ]Iinister, born at Hanau. and educated at Giittingen. He w.is made Minister of .Tustiee and of the Interior (1832). and was an energetic administrator, but. a bitter enemy of the Hessian Constitutional Party in the Diet, and of a free press. For five years his absolutist policy was successful, but in 1837 he found himself losing favor at Court, and left the country. In 1841 he went to Berlin, where he was a member of the judiciary until 1850. when he returned to Cassel as Prime Minister, and asrain fought and finally lost the battle with the Diet. In 1855 Hassen-
