HASTINGS. 620 HASTINGS. Milwaukee and Saint Paul Railroad (Map: Min- nesota, F G). It is of considerable importance as a distributing centre, and exports grain. Hour, and lumber: its industries include several grain- elevators, a malt-house and breweries, saw, plan- ing, and Hour mills, sash, door, blind, wagon, and furniture factories, etc. Population, in 1890, 3705: in 1900, 3811. HASTINGS. A city and the county-seat of Adams County, Neb., 96 miles west of Lincoln, on the Chicago, Burlington and Quiney, the Missouri Pacific, and other railroads (ilap: Nebraska, F 3). It is the seat of Hastings College (Presby- terian), opened in 1882, and of the State Asylum for tile Chronic Insane, and has a fine city hall, and City, Prospect, and Heartwell parks. The city is surrounded by an agricultural and stock- raising section, has an important trade in grain, and manufactures flour, wagons, etc. Hastings, incorporated in 1874, is now governed under a charter of 1901, which provides for a mayor, elected biennially, and a city council, the members of which are elected one-half by wards and one- half at large. The water-works and electric-light plant are owned and operated bv the mimicipal- ity. Population, in 1890, 13,58-i; in 1900, 7188. HASTINGS. A Danish viking, or sea rover, of the ninth century, to whom legend ascribes most of the deeds performed by the Danish pirates of that time. The facts known concerning him are as follows: From 859 to 8(53 he was engaged in plundering the Spanish and Italian coasts, and in the latter countiy captured Luna by stratagem. In 866, Robert, Count of Paris, fell in battle fighting against Hastings, who was then in the Loire Valley. He left this portion of France in 872, and in 889 appeared in the valley of the Sonune. In 893 he was defeated by Alfred the Great with w-hora he made peace. At that time the t'o sons of Hastings were bap- tized. Of his later history nothing is known, HASTINGS, Battle of. The name usually given to the great struggle which took place at Senlac, near Hastings, on October 14, 1066, be- tween the Nonnans, under William, Duke of Normandy, and the English, under King Harold. Duke William claimed that Harold had agreed to support his claim to the English crown on the death of Edward the Confessor (q.v. ), and when this was not done William began preparations to wrest the crown from Harold by force. Har- old had just conquered his brother and rival, Tostig, at'Stamford Bridge (September 25, 1006) , when he heard that the Normans were ravaging the south, and he immediately hastened in that direction. He reached the hill of Senlac on Octo- ber 13th, and proceeded to fortify his position with a palisade and a ditch. The Nonnan army v,as divided into three parts, of which the left wing consisted of Bretons, Poitevins, etc, the right wing of mercenary troops, and the centre of Norman knights and archers led by Duke Wil- liam in person, and grouped around the banner which the Pope had given. On the English side the best troops were the Hus-carls or bodyguard of Harold. At nine in the morning the battle began with a shower of arrows from the Norman arehei-s, but no impression wa.s made on the Eng- lish ranks. The Bretons fled and a part of the English, contrary to Harold's orders, broke ranks and pursued. William noticed that they became disordered tiiereby,. and he ordered a large part of his army to feign a retreat. The English fell into the trap, broke their ranks and began to jiursue. The Norman centre thereupon was able to storm the summit of the hill, and though the iOnglish still fought bravely, Harold's eye was pierced by an arrow, and tin; battle was lost. William met little vigorous opposition hence- forth in his conquest of England. Consult: Free- man, Xorinan Conquest, vol. iii. (2d ed., Lon- don, 1876) ; Green. The Conquest of England. vol. ii. (London, 1899). On the spot where Har- old stood Willianf erected Battle Abbey. See Battle Mo.ument. HASTINGS, Francis Rawdon-Hastings, first Marquis of (1754-1826). An English sol- dier and statesman, Governor-General of India. He was educated at Harrow, and matriculated at Oxford, but entered the army at the age of nine- teen, and was sent to America, where he distin- guished himself in the Revolutiiniary War till 1781, rising to be adjutant-general (1778), and afterwards brigadier. He was rewarded with a title. Baron Rawdon, and in ten years had in- herited another title from his father, the Earl of Moira. His campaigning in Holland (1794-95) was followed bj' a term of home service, as mas- ter-general of ordnance, and he also was most active in the polities of the time. He was Governor-General cf India from 1813 to the be- ginning of 1823. There he showed his mettle in the transformation of the warlike Gurkhas from foes into friends, and he was accused even of exceeding his instructions in the subjugation of native races, to whom, however, he played the amiable despot, encouraging education and civil reform. In recognition of his services in the establishment of British power in India, he was made JIarquis of Hastings (1816), and he was commander-in-chief at Malta for the last two years of his life. HASTINGS, FR.ANK AnNEY (1794-1828). An English naval connnander. He was the son of Lieut.-Gen. Sir Charles Hastings, and was forced to leave the British Navy for insubordination. He joined the Greek Navy in the struggle against the Turks, fought at Nauplia (1822), and served in Crete as commander of artillery. He liought and equipped .a vessel in 1824, with which he did great damage to the Turkish fleet, distinguishing himself especially in the bay of Salona in 1827. In December of the same year Hastings captured Vasiladi. He died of a wound received at Anato- likon in 1828. HASTINGS, Henry, Earl of Huntingdon. See HuNTixfiOON. HASTINGS, Selina Shirley. See Hunting- noN, Selin.v Hasti?jgs. HASTINGS, Thomas (1787-1872). An American musician. He was born at Washing- ton, Conn., but at an early age removed to Clin- ton, N. Y. He became interested in sacred music, and made its study and improvement the chief business of his life." From 1823 to 1832 he ediled a religious paper, the Recorder, in Utica : then went to New York City as musical instructor and composer, and there published, among other works: Mother's Hymn Book (1849); History of Forty Choirs (1854); and Dissertation on Musical Taste (2d ed. 1853). HASTINGS, Warren (1732-1818). An Eng- lish statesman, Governor-General of India. De-
