HATJY. 636 HAVANA. Aflliction. This means lie first discovered in the printing of raised maps and letters. He fctarted schools for the purpose of giving manual, mathematical, and musical training to the blind, but his zeal outran his discretion, and others excelled him in the carrjing out of his ideas. During the ascendency of Xapoleon, he lived in .Saint Petersburg for more than ten years, working there for the blind. He was twice married, though a priest. His publications in- clude h'ciluciition lies areuyles (178G), and Mc- iiioirc historir/iie sur les telegraphes (1810). Consult: Strebitzky, Yalentin Hniiy a 8aint P6- tcrshoiirnt. made entirely of marble, and erected to the memory of thirty firemen who ]5erished in the performance of their duty, is a magnificent piece of monumental sculpture. Other notable promenades are the Alameda de Paula and the Calzada de La Infanta, a fine boulevard skirting the city on the west. The public buildings of the capital are not far behind its natifral embellishments; the Gov- ernor's palace and the cathedral dating from 1724, which contained, luitil IStiS. the remains of Columbus, are among the most prominent. The educational institutions include the University of Havana with five faculties, founded by the Dominicans in lt)70; the .lesuit College de Belen, a museum and library, and a number of minor schools. The theatres are numerous, and one of them, the Teatro Tacon, is one of the largest playhouses in the world. There are numerous hotels and clubs in the city; and the news- papers and periodicals number over a hundred, the leading ones being: La Liicha, El Diario, La Discusidn, and El A'wero Pais. Barring the water-supply, which is excellent, the public works of Havana are utterly inadequate. At the end of the Spanish-American War the American au- thorities found the city in a woefully unsanitary condition. The streets were unswept, garbage was ]iiled in heaps, and the pavements were in a miserable condition, especially in the old city. The sewerage system was hardly more than a name. The existing sewers were in sonue places completely clogged, and all of them leaked, con- taminating the surrounding soil. In 1902, how- ever, the city was handed over to the new Repub- lic in a wonderfully improved condition. A well- regulated system of street-cleaning and garbage collection had been put in operation. Many of the streets had been repaved and various kinds of experimental pavements were laid. Contracts had been let for a new sewer system, and a com- plete survey of the city, with a view to adopting a system of street grades, had been made. Streets, hospitals, and other buildings had been so thoroughly disinfected that yellow fever, which during the recent war carried oft' many thou- sands of people, has now been almost, if not wholly, eradicated. The chief industrial establishments of Havana are its cigar and tobacco factories, which are the largest in the world. The exports consist chiefly of cigars, tobacco, and sugar, which mostly find their way to the Ignited States. Havana is the chief outlet for the products of the island, it is connected by steamers with the L'nited States, France. England, and Spain, and by rail with every important centre on the island. The im- ports consist chiefly of foodstuff's and cotton.
