HAVERHILL. 640 HAVILAH. to the riverj and is connected by iron bridges with tlie towns of Grovcland and West Newbury. Haverhill is noted as au industrial centre, par- ticularly for the niauufacture of boots and shoes. • Other manufactures are slippers, woolen hats, paper, boot and shoe maehineiy an<l supplies, woolens, leather, boxes, and bricks. Amonj; the principal buildings are the city hall, public libra- ry. Masonic Temple and other society halls, old ladies' home, children's home. Hale Hospital, city hospital, cit.y almshouse, and Bradford Academy. There are also a marble soldiers' monument, and one to Hannah Dustan. Under the original city charter of 1870, the government is administered by a mayor, elected annually, and a bicameral council, which confirms the executive's appdint- ments of police, fire, and health boar.ds, and park, water, and license commissioners, and elects all other municipal officials, excepting the school board, which is chosen by the people. The an- nual income and expenditures of the city amount to about .$1,170,000 and $1,145,000 respectively, the principal items of expense being .$33,000 for the police department (including amounts for police courts. Jails, etc.), $50,000 for the fire de- partment, and $139,000 for schools. The city owns and operates its water-works. Population, in 1890. 27,412; in 1900. 37.175. In 1640 a company from Ipswich and Newbury settled on the site of the old Indian town Pen- tucket, and in the following year adopted the name Haverhill (from Haverhill, England, the birthplace of their minister. John Ward). Being a frontier town, Haverhill was continually harassed by the Indians. In the attack of 1697 Mrs. Dustan was captured. (See Dustan, Han- nah.) In 1708 the French and Indians entered the town and killed 10 and captured 35 of the inhabitants. In 1645 a town charter was se- cured, and in 1870 Haverhill was incorporated as a city. The town of Bradford was annexed in 1897. In 1882 there was a disastrous fire. Lake Kcnoza, one mile northeast, is famous as the birthplace of Whittier. Consult: Chase, The Histor)/ of Haverhin (Haverhill, 1861) ; Frankle (editor). The l^tory of a Neic England Tou-n (Boston. 1891). HAVERHILL. A town, including several villages, and a county-seat of Cirafton County, N. H., 85 miles north Ijy west of Concord; on the Connecticut River, and on the Boston and jMaine Railroad (Map: New Hampshire, F 5). It has extensive granite-quarrying and dairying inter- ests, and manufactures lumber, farm wagons, house-finishings, stanchions, whetstones, etc. Population, in 1890, 2545; in 1900, 3414. HA^T-ERS, Clopton (c.l6501702). An Eng- lish anatomist and physician. He studied at Cambridge and Utrecht, and from the latter col- lege obtained the degree of M.D. in 1685. Havers began his medical practice in London, and gave special attention to the subject of anatomy, em- bodying his ideas in the Osteologia Zfora (1691). This work was the first exhaustive treatise on the structure of the bone, and served to perpetu- ate the author's name Ijy the term 'Haversian canals.' His other publications are a Survei/ of the Microcosme (1695). and a Discourse of the Concoction of the Food (1699). HAVERSACK (Fr. harresnc, from Ger. 'Habersark, Hafrrsnck, haversack, sack for oats, from Eaher, Eafer, oats -f Sack, sack). A can- vas or strong duck cloth bag, carried by soldiers on the march. It is a part of the man's equip- ment, and on service contains the rations for immediate consumption. It is worn on the left side, secured by a strap passing over the right shoulder. HAVERSCHMIDT, ha'ver-sKmit. Francois (1835-94). A Dutch [loet, born at Leeuwarden. He studied for the Church at Leyden, and under- took t«o small charges in 1859. Three years afterwards he went to Nieuwediep. and in 1864 to Schiedam. There he published some prose essays, FamiUe en Koinissen (1876) ; but he is better known as "Piet Paaltjcns,' under which name he published all the poems written after his early youth — Snikl;en en (Irimlaclijes (1867), of which six editions were called for in two years. HAVER'SIAN CANALS. See Bone. HAV'ERSTRAW. A village in Rockland County, N. Y.. 32 miles north of New York City. It is picturesquely situated on the west shore of the Hudson River, which here expands into Haverstraw Bay, and on the New .Jersey and New Y'ork and the West Shore railroads (Map; New Y'ork, F 4). It is principally en- gaged in brickmaking. and has a public library. The village is governed vmder a general State act, the administration being vested in a presi- dent and a council chosen at the annual char- ter election. Population, in 1890. 5070; in 1900. 5935. Haverstraw was settled by the Dutch, became a precinct in 1719, and was in- corporated as a town in 1854. At the house of Thomas H. Smith, since called the 'Old Treason House,' Arnold met Andre in September, 1780, to arrange for the surrender of West Point. In 1825 the "Haverstraw Couununity' was organ- ized here, but broke up in a few years. Consult an article, "Smith House at Haverstraw," in Magazine of American History, vol. v. HAVET, a'v.i', Erne.st (1831-89). A French philosopher, born in Paris. After some educa- tional appointments of minor importance, he was on the staff of the Normal School (1836), and became also professor of French literature at the Coll&ge de France (1855-85), and meml^r of the Academy of Moral and Political Sciences. His best works are an edition of Pascal's Pen^ sees, with commentary (1881). and Le christian^ isme et ses origines (4 vols.. 1871-84). HAVILAH. A country in Arabia. It is men- tioned in Gen. ii. 11-12 as surrounded by the river Pishon and containing gold, bdellium, and sho- liam stone; in Cicn. x. 20 (I. Chron. i. 23), as one of the districts of Joktan; in Gen. x. 7(1. Chron. i. 9), as one of the tribes of Cu.sh; in Gen. xxv. 18, as bordering on the territory of the Ishmael- ites ; and in I. Sam. xv. 7, where, however, the name should probably be emended into Telam. Niebuhr found a district called Huwaila between the seats of the Beni Khalid and Oman on the Persian Gulf. In South Arabian inscriptions a Khaulan is mentioned. The products of this country referred to in Gen. ii. 11, gold, the gum of the bedolach tree, and the shoham stone, which is the Assyrian samtu. or malachite, seem to point to .Temama and Northeast Arabia extending to the Persian Gulf (Glaser). As the priestly additions to the law (see Hexateuch) connect the South Arabian tribes with Africa. Gen. x. 7 may be explained without the theory of an Arabian Cush. Consult: Glaser, Skizze der Oe-
