fiAWKWEED. 653 HAWLEY. regions of the Northern Hemisphere, partioilarly abundant in Eiirojie. Tlio llowers are generally yellow. The orange hawkweed {Hieracium aurun- ORANGE HAWKWEED. iiactim ) , a perennial, two feet high, is a native of the south of Europe, often cultivated in gar- dens for its rich orange flowers. It has been introduced into Canada and the New England States, where it has become one of the most troublesome weeds in grass-lands. Experiments conducted at the Vermont Experiment Station showed that it could be eradicated by salt sown at the rate of 300 poimds per acre. Every plant was killed, and the grass, a species of Festuca, was improved by the treatment. Plowing under and devoting the land to hoed crops will destroy it. There are about a dozen species, native or introduced, in the Eastern United States. HAWK'WOOD, Sir John de (?-1394). An English soldier of fortune., born at Hedingham Sibil, Essex. He is reported to have fought with the Black Prince at Crecy and Poitiers, and to have been knighted by Edward III.; but by 1359 he was at the head of a body of freebooters, plundering Gascony and the northern parts of Italy. His thousand lancers, each with knight and page, came to be known as the 'White Com- pany,' and, joined to double their number of foot soldiers, .nrmed with stout bows of yew, they spread terror throughout Southern Europe, de- vastating villages, holding great noblemen for ransom, and exacting hea-y toll from the clergj'. After serving under the Marquis of Montferrat, the White Company went into the pay of the Pisan Republic, which was then engaged in a Florentine war. From that time onward. Hawk- wood took a prominent part in the strife between the different Italian republics, fighting generally upon the side of Florence, by whom he was paid a pension. He fought both for and against Pope Gregory XI. He was endowed with an equal talent for strategy and for organization. He spent the last years of his life among the Floren- tines, who buried him with great pomp. HAWLEY, Cn.RLES B. (18.'")8— ). An . uTican musician, born in Urociklicld, Mass. He studied composition under Dudley Buck, .Joseph Mosenthal, and C B. Rutenber, and voice culture with G. J. Webb^ P. A. Kivarde, and Gu.stav Federlcin. He became bass soloist in the t!alvary Episcopal Church, New York ; assistant organi.st of Saint Thomas's; and in 1883 director of the choir at the Broadway Tabernacle. His compositions include numy excellent and popular songs, and considerable church music. HAWLEY, Gideon (17271807). An Ameri- can missionary among the Indians. He was born in Stratford, Conn., graduated at Yale in 1749; and under the supervision of Jonathan Edwards began missionary work among the Indians at Stockbridge in 17.5'2. Two years later he under- took a mission to the Iroquois on the Susque- hanna River, but he was driven out in 1756 by the French and Indian War. The latter part of his life was passed in missionary duties among the Indian tribes at Marshpee, Mass. HA-WLEY, Joseph (1723-88). An American statesman of the Revolutionary era. He was born in Northampton, Mass., was educated at Y'ale, and prepared himself to be a clergyman, but turned lawyer instead. He was a delegate to the Massachusetts Congress (1774-75), and a special pleader for popular rights. HAWLEY, Jo.SEPii RcswELL (1826-1905). An American politician and legislator, born in Stewartsville, N. C. His father, a Connecticut Baptist clergj'man, retunied to his native State in 1837, and there the son was brought up, and imbued with anti-slavery ideas. He was edu- cated at Hamilton College (N. Y. ), where he graduated in 1847, afterwards studying law, and beginning practice at Hartford, Conn., in 1850. He immediately entered politics as a Free-Soil Democrat, became chairman of the party's State Committee, and in 1852 editor of its principal State organ, the Charter Oak. The movement which resulted in the founding of the Republican Party received his support, and the first meeting for its organization in Connecticut was held in his office. In the next year he abandoned the law, and became editor of the Hartford Evening Press, the newly established Republican paper. Twenty-four hours after President Lincoln's first call for troops, Hawley recruited the first com- pany of volunteers raised in the State, which be- came Company A of the First Connecticut Regi- ment, with Hawley as captain. He participated in the first battle of Bull Run, after which he be- came lieutenant-colonel of the Seventh Connecti- cut Volunteers, and with it took part in the Port Royal expedition. In .January, 1863, as colonel, he took his regiment to Florida, and was present at the siege of Charleston and capture of Fort Wagner. In February, 1864, he commanded a brigade in the battle of Olustee, Florida, and later in the same year saw active campaigning in Virginia, being present at the siege of Peters- burg. In September, 1804, he was promoted brigadier-general of volunteers. In 1865 he served as General Terry's chief of stafT, was with .'■'herman in the Carolina campaign, and was mustered out of service in ■January. 1866. with the brevet rank of major-general. In Aiu-il fol- lowing he was elected Governor of Connecti- cut. In 1867 he was defeated for reelection, and turned his attention to journalism, purchasing
