HAY. 660 HAY. to the Confession of Faith, was restored to his rights and possessions. The genuineness of liis l)rofession was. liowever, doubted by the Scotch Kirk, and after various unsuccessful attempts to satisfy themselves on that point, Errol was im- prisoned in Dumbarton Castle, but was finally released in 1017. HAY, George (1729-1811). A Scotch Catho- lic bishop and polemical writer, born in Edin- burgli, where he was educated and became a sur- geon's apprentice. In 1778, after the death of Bishop Grant, he became Vicar Apostolic of the Lowlands. A year later his chapel-houses were mobbed and burned and his library ruined by fanatics, who were roused by the fear that Gov- ernment purposed more lenient treatment of the Catholics. Hay was influential in the reestab- lishment of the Scots College at Rome, and in building a Catholic seminary at Aquhorties (1709). His most important work was The Hcripttire Doctrine of Miracles (1775). A com- plete edition of his works was published in five volumes at Edinburgh. HAY, James, Earl of Carlisle (e.1575-1636). An English diplomat and favorite of James I. He was born at Pitscorthy, Eifeshire, and educated in France. James knighted him, took him to Eng- land, gave him a rich wife, Honora, heiress of Sir Edward Denny, and repeatedly paid off the debts which Hay, who was an easy-going spend- thrift, was always making. In 1619, soon after his creation as Viscount Doncaster, he was sent on a mission to Bohemia, where James's son-in- law, Frederick of the Palatinate, was for a short time King. A little later we find him in France (1621-22), exerting himself unsuccess- fully in an effort to make peace between Louis XIII. and the Huguenots. He was made Earl of Carlisle in 1622, and was sent back to Paris two years later to arrange a mar- riage between Charles and Henrietta Maria, and advised the King against promising Richelieu that there should, in event of the marriage, be any abatement of laws against Catholics. Car- lisle seems to have distrusted the French alliance now as- strongly as he had before desired it ; and he retired from politics when it became apparent that the Court policy was for peace with France. The title of Carlisle became extinct on the death of his son James (1660). See Hat, Lucy. HAY, John (1838—). An American states- man, author, and journalist. He was bom in Salem, Ind., of Scotch ancestry. October 8, 1838; graduated at Brown University in 18.58 ; and then studied law at Springfield, 111., where he Ijecame acquainted with Abraham Lincoln, then the acknowledged leader of his profession and of the Republican Party in the State. He was taken into the latter's law office, and in 1861 was ad- mitted to practice in the Supreme Court of Illi- nois. He accompanied President-elect Lincoln on his memorable journey to Washington, and served as his assistant private secretary imtil bis (Lin- ooln's) death, with the exception of a brief inter- val, during which he served as adjutant and aide- de-camp to the President, and of a few months. when he served in the army under Generals Hunter and Gillmore. In the' latter capacity he rose to the rank of major, and was subsequently brevetted lieutenant-colonel and colonel. After Mr. Lincoln's death, he went to Paris as secre- tary of legation, which position he held for three years; he then served for more than a year as secretary of legation and charge d'aft'aires at Vienna, and after a short interval went in the same capacity to Madrid, where he remained for another year. From 1870 to 1875 lie wa,s an edi- torial writer on the New York Trihtine. and for a short time acted as editor-in-chief of that jour- nal. In the meantime he had married the daugh- ter of Amasa Stone, of Cleveland, Ohio. From 1879 to 1881 he served under President Hayes as First Assistant Secretary of State. He then was again engaged in literary pursuits until March 19, 1897, when he was appointed by President McKinley Ambassador to Great Britain, to suc- ceed Thomas F. Bayard. His service in this capacity was marked by thoroughness, skill, and tactfulness. His pul)lic addresses were models of their kind and examples of diplomatic jjro- priety. With excellent social gifts, he made a favorable impression on English society, and did much to promote fiyendliness between the two nations. On September 20, 1898, he was appoint- ed Secretary of State, to succeed William R. Day, who had just resigned. His conduct of the foreign affairs of the nation was, from the first, characterized by unusual vigor, tact, and saga- cious foresight. Perhaps his greatest diplomatic achievement was the maintenance of the 'open- door' policy in China, and the consequent post- ponement of the threatened dismemberment of that nation. Not content with verbal assurances from the European nations. Secretary Hay de- manded and secured written guarantees that the 'open door' should be maintained in China. Dur- ing, the British war in South Africa he used his good offices to secure the neutrality of the Con- tinental European powers. Other notable diplo- matic achievements of Secretary Hay were the settlement of the Samoan dispute, as a result of which the United States secured Tutuila. with an excellent harbor in the Pacific; the settlement of the dispute with Great Britain over the Alas- ka boundary, temporarily by the conclusion of a modus Vivendi in 1898. and by treaty in 1903; the negotiation of reciprocity treaties with Ar- gentina, France, Germany, Cuba, and the British West Indies ; the negotiation of a treaty with Great Britain relative to the construction of an interoceanie canal (see Hay-Pauncefote Treaty) ; the negotiation of new treaties with Spain; and the negotiation of a treaty with Den- mark for the cession of the Danish West India Islands. Colonel Hay won literary distinction by Pike County Ballads (1871) and Ca^tilian Days (1891). With .John G. Nicolay he wrote an authoritative life of Lincoln, entitled Abraham Lincoln: A History (10 vols., 1890). A once popular anonymous novel. The Bread-Winners (1883), is generally attributed to him. but thus far without sufficient evidence. HAY, John, Marquis of Tweeddale. See Tweeddale, John Hay, Marquis of. HAY, Li'CT, Countess of Carlisle (1599- 1660). An English political intriguer, daughter of Henry Percy, Earl of Northumberland. .t the age of eighteen, much against the will of her imprisoned father, she married James Hay (q.v. ). Cartwright, Herrick, Carew, and Svickling sang of her beauty and wit. She soon gained a high place in the favor of the Queen, and did much for Strafford with her influence. When Strafford was dead she became the spy and servant of the
