HAYNAU. 666 HAYNE. London was assaulted and beaten by the infuriat- ed drajTuen of iiarclay's brewery. For this insult the British Government declined giving any satis- faction. In Belgium and France he was also re- ceived by the populace with strong dislike, but by the vigilance of the authorities was preserved from actual harm. He died at Vienna, March 14, 1853. Consult Schdnhals, Hiographie des Feld- xeugmeistcrs Julius Frciherrn von Haynau (3d ed., Vienna, 1875), which seeks to vindicate him from charges of cruelty. HAYNE, Paul Hamilton (1831-86). An American poet, born in Charleston, S. C. After the death of his parents he was reared by his uncle, Robert Y. Hayne (q.v. ). He studied law after having been educated at Soutli Carolina College, but did little practicing, because he was under no financial necessities, and because his bent was literary. When iu his early twenties he edited Russell's Magazine, and was connected, as editor or contributor, with other Charleston and Southern publications, notably as contribu- tor to the Southern Literary Messenger. He was a prominent member of the small literary coterie of which William Gilniore Sirams and Henry Tinirod (q.v.) were conspicuous orna- ments. In 1855 a volume of his poems appeared ; another followed in 1857, and a third in 1859. During the Civil War he saw active service and suffered great financial losses, among others that of Ills library, which was burned. From 1865 to his death, he resided at a small cot- tage home near Augusta, Ga., which he called Copse Hill. His health was not good, but he maintained his spirits under his various mis- fortunes, and won a genuine though limited repu- tation as a poet, in both the North and his native section. His memory is still cherished warmly in Augusta and the surrounding region. His later publications include: Legends and Lijrics (1872); The Mountain of the Lovers (1873); and his complete Poetical Works (1882). He also edited, with a memoir (1873), the poems of his friend, Henry Timrod, and of Dr. F. O. Tick- nor (1879), and wrote memoirs of R. Y. Hayne and H. S. Legare (1878). Hayne's poetry is the work of a genuine artist, whose qualities, how- ever, are not salient enough to attract greatly the general reader. Although he produced many good poems, in which much of the languorous sweetness of the South may be discovered, it was not his fortune to compose, like his friend Timrod, three or four lyrics of great power and popular appeal. Nevertheless he is one of the most important of Southern writers, and de- serves more attention at the hands of historians of American literature than he has hitherto re- ceived. — His son, William H. Hayne ( 1856 — ) , born in Charleston, inherited some of his father's poetical ability. His publications include Sylvan Lyrics (1893), and many occasional verses in the magazines. HAYNE, Robert Y^oung (1791-1839). An American political leader, prominent as an ex- ponent of the States' Rights view of the Fed- eral Constitution. He was bom in Saint Paul's Parish, Colleton District, S. C, on November 10, 1791 ; was educated in a private school at Charleston; studied law in the offices of Lang- don Cheves (q.v.) ; was admitted to the bar at Charleston in November, 1812. and attained im- mediate prominence in his profession. During part of the War of 1812 he acted as a captain in the Third South Carolina Regiment. From 1814 to 1818 he was a Democratic-Republican member of the State Legislature, serving as S])ea]-;er of the House in the latter year; and from 1818 to 1822 was Attorney-General of the State. In 1823 lie was elected as a States' Rights Democrat to the United States Senate, in which body he quickly became conspicuous as a pronounced strict-eonstructionist and an advocate of free trade and of 'States' Rights.' He vigorously op- posed the tariffs of 1824 and 1828, denounced the anti-slavery programme of the Panama Con- gress, and in various debates upheld the view that slavery was purely a domestic institution, and as such should be wholly e.xempt from Fed- eral legislation or interference. He is best known, however, for liis great debate with Daniel Webster in .January, 1830, arising out of the so-called 'Foote's Resolution,' but covering the important question of the relation of the States to the Federal Government. Hayne began the debate on January 19th, and Webster answered on the following day, while Ha.vne again spoke on the 21st, 25th, and 27th, and Webster on the 26th and 27th. In these speeches, besides attacking New England, and especially Massachusetts, for the part taken by that section in the War of 1812, he brilliantly upheld the theory that the Federal Government was in reality a compact l)etween the various States, as such ; that the Federal Government itself was a party with each of the individual States to the compact thus formed, and that any State, when convinced that that compact had been broken, could for its own protection nullify or arrest the enforcement ■* within her borders of any law deemed to be in violation of the Constitution. He naturally sup- ported South Carolina in her controversy with the Federal Government over the tariff measures of May. 1828. and July. 1832; was a member of the Nullification Convention which assembled at Charleston on November 19, 1832; and as chair- man of the 'Committee of Twenty-one,' reported the famous Ordinance of Nullification, which was passed by the Convention on November 24th. Soon afterwards he resigned from the Senate, partly, no doubt, in order that Calhoun might take his seat in that body; and in December lie was elected Governor of the State and eom- mander-in-ehief of the State forces. On the 13th he delivered his inaugural address, pledging him- self to maintain at all hazards the principle of nullification, and on the 20th issued a ringing counter-proclamation to the famous proclamation issued by President Jackson on the 10th. During the whole crisis he administered the executive ofliice with marked ability, and though firmly con- vinced of the correctness of the position taken by his State, he used his influence on several occa- sions to restrain the nullificationists from acts of violence. His term as Governor ended in December, 1834. He was Mayor (intendant) of Charleston in 1835-37, and president of the Louisville, Cincinnati and Charleston Railroad from 1836 until his death. He died at Asheville, N. C, September 24. 1839. Consult: Paul H. Hayne, Lives of Robert Y. Hayne and Hugh Swinton Legar^ (Charleston, 1878) : McDuffie, Eulogy upon the Life and Character of the Late Robert Y. Hayne (Charleston. 1840) ; and Lindsay Swift (editor). The Great Debate Be- tween Robert Y. Hayne, of South Carolina, and
