TiFi.BEB. 703 HEBREW LANGUAGE. eluded more than 1-15,000 volumes, and formed a matchless library of Earlj' English literature. HEB'ERDEN, Wiluam (1710-1801). An English physifian, born in London, lie gradu- ated at Saint .John's College, Cambridge, in 1728; studied medicine in London, and practiced for ten years in Cambridge and for more tlian thirty years in London, where he was prominent in the College of Physicians. A remarkably original thinker, Heberden took minute notes on his more important cases, and published them under the title Commentarii de ilorhorum Historia et Ciiratioiic (1802), of which an English transla- tion, possibly by his son William, appeared in 1803. His contributions to the Medical Transac- tions of the College of Physicians include a description of the first recorded case of angina pectoris, and other original matter. HEBEBT, aljur'. Er.xest (1817—). A French painter, born at Girenoble. He was a pupil of David d'Angers and Paul Delaroche, and won the Prix de Rome in 1839. He was director of the French Art School in Rome from 18G6 to 1873 and from 1885 to 1890; was elected a member of the Institute in 1874, and was chosen comniander of the Legion of Honor in 1874. Although classic and elegant in style, and an excellent colorist, Hebert has often a cloying sentimentality. His best-known pictures are: "A Slave who has Freed Himself:" "La malaria" (1850); and "Le baiser de .Tudas" (The Kiss of .Judas) ( 1853) , in the Luxembourg, and a number of portraits, among which are those of Roberty and a young woman (in the Lu.embourg ) . He received first medals at the Salon of 1851 and the Paris Exposition of 1855, and the medal of honor at the Paris Exposition of 1889. HEBERT, Jacques RE?r6 (1755-94). A journalist and politician of the French Revolu- tion. He was born at Alengon, November 15. 1755, of respectable parents, and was educated at the local college: but disgracing his family by his wild conduct, he quitted Alencon, went to Rouen, and subsequently came to Paris. There he dragged out a miserable existence from 1780 to 1790. He finally emerged from obscurity in the latter year as a pamphleteer and editor of a rabid republican paper, Le Journnl du Soir. He first became famous, however, as the editor of the journal Le Prre Duchesne, started in opposition to a publication of the same name edited by Lemaire. Knowing the tastes of the class of people he addressed, he displayed such an exag- geration of principles and cynicism of language as not only ruined the enterprise of his honest rival, but caused Hebert to become a popular idol, and earned for him the name of 'P^re Duchesne.' After the events of August 10, 1792, he became a member of the Revolutionary Com- mune, and as such approved of the September massacres. In December. 1792. he became a sub- stitute procureur for the Cnmnume. and in 1703 actively advocated the overthrow of the Girondist party. The Convention, alarmed at the violence of the Communists, ordered Herbert and three others to be arrested. His popularity was so great, however, that he had to be set at liberty a few days later, and he was presented with a. civic crown by the Commune. With Chaimiette he inaugurated the worship of Reason, and as a member ot the commission appointed to examine ^larie Antoinette, he added to her sufferings by- accusing her falsely of scandalous otfenses. His party were called Us cnraycs, and adiJcat<;d thp most extreme measures; but the Committee of Public Safety, under the control of Robespierre and Saint-Just, caused the Hebertists to be arrested, Marcli, 1794, and after a summary trial Hubert, together with many of his ad- herents, was guillotined, March 24, 1794. His wife perished on the scaflTold a month later with tiabel and Chaumette. Consult: Duval, "Hebert chez lui, dans la revolution francaise." Kevue Historiqiie, vols. xii. and xiii. (Paris. 1880-81) ; I5runet, Le Pere Duchesne d'Hebert (ib., 1859) ; Tridan, Lcs Hebert istcs (ib., 1804) ; Mater, J. R. Hebert avant la journ^e du JO Avril, 1792 (Bourges. 1888) ; Aulard, Le culte de la raison et le eultc de Velre supreme (Paris, 1892). HEBERT, Loms Philippe (1850—). A Canadian sculptor, born at Sainte Sophie d'Hali- fax, Quebec. lie early manifested a taste for art, and studied several 3'ears in a studio before he went to Paris, where he afterwards settled. His works include several historical statues for public buildings in Ottawa. Montreal, and Que- bec. He won the Confederation medal presented by the Canadian Government in 1894. HEBERT, Pierre EuGf;NE Emile (1828—). A French sculptor, bom in l^aris. He was the son of a sculptor, who taught him the art. He had a bust in the Salon by the time he was twenty-one, reappeared there with a bronze group (1863), and exhibited at the international exhi- bitions of 1855 and 1S67, and at Vienna in 1873, besides doing special work — "Bacchus" for the Tuileries (1866): a bronze statue of RaMais for the city of Cliinon: a stone statue of Regnard for the Hotel de Ville. Paris; a marble bust of Cabet for the Museum of Dijon; "La comedie et la drame" for the Vaudeville; bas-reliefs and busts of Dav.au. Balzac, and others. HEBERT, TiifiODORE 5Lrti:^ (1829—). A French sculptor, born in Paris. He was a pupil of Clievillon. and after 1848 exhibited such works as an equestrian statue of Napoleon; an African hunter fighting with an Arab on horseback; "Faust et Marguerite" (1861); "L'lnnocence" (1864): "Renaud et Armide" (1866); besides busts, bas-reliefs, and grovips in plaster and in marble. He received honorable mention in 1859. HEBRA, h.a1)ra, Ferdinand, Ritter von (1816- 80). An Austrian dermatologist, born at Briinn. He w%as educated at the Lfniversity of Vienna; in 1842 became instructor in the medical faculty; was appointed consulting physician of the gen- eral hospital of the city in 1848, and professor of dermatology in 1849. He was the first great German dermatologist, and entirely reformed the therapeutics of the science. He strongly indnrsed local treatment. He wrote: Atlas dcr Hnutlrnnk- heiteu, with Elsinger and Hcitzmnnn (1856); l.chrhuch der Tlaulkranlcheifen. with Kaposi (1872-76) ; and a third and smaller work under the former title, with Bilrensprung (1867-68). — His son. Hans von Hebra (1847-1902). w.i.s a specialist in the same branch, and wrote: Lehr- bnch der Tlantkrankheiten ( 1884) . and Die krank- haft en Vcriinderungen der Haut mit Beziehung nuf die Krankheiten des Gesamtorrianismus (1SS4K HEBREW LANGUAGE AND LITERA- TURE. See Jews; Semitic Languages.
