HENNA. 760 HENNET. are much prized for their fragrance, particularly by the Egyptian ladies ; but still more for the sake of the leaves, which abound in coloring matter, and which, being dried, powdered, and made into a paste with hot water and catechu, are very generally employed by women through- out the East to stain the nails and tips of the fingers of an orange color; also by men to dye their beards, the orange color being converted into a deep black by indigo; and for dyeing the manes and hoofs of horses, and to dye skins and leather reddish-yellow. Powdered henna-leaves form a large article of export from Egypt to Persia, and to various parts of Turkey, from which they find their way to more northern countries, and even to Germany, to be employed in dyeing furs and some kinds of leather. The use of henna for staining the nails appears to have prevailed from very ancient times. See Alkanet. HENNE-AM-KHYN, hen'ne am ren, Otto (1828 — ). A Swiss-German historian of civiliza- tion. He was born at Saint Gall in Switzerland, and was the son of Anton Henne, a Swiss histo- rian and poet. He studied at Bern, and after holding several positions as teacher and archiv- ist in Switzerland, went in 1872 to Leipzig, where he was editor of the Freimaurerzeitung. From 1882 to 1885 he lectured in the University of Zurich, and since 1885 he has been State archiv- ist at Saint Gall. He wrote: Geschichte dcs Schiceizert^olks und seiner Kiiltur (last ed. 1879); Eultiirgeschichte der neuem Zeit (1870- 72) ; Die deutsche Volkssage (1879) ; Allgemeine Kiilturgeschichte von der Vrzeit bis siir Gegen- wart. (i877-97) ; Kiilturgeschichte des Judentums (2d ed. under the title Kulttirgeschichte des jil- dischen Volks, 1892) ; Das Jeiiseits (1881) ; Die Kreuzzilge und die Kultur ihrer Zeit (1883-84) ; Kulturgeschiehte dcs deutschen Volks (last ed. 1898) ; Die Kultur der Yergangenlieit, Gegen- tcart und Zukunft (last ed. 1892) ; Die nationale Einigung der Deutschen (1891); Das Christen- tum und der Fortschritt (1892); Die Fran in der Kultur geschichte (1892) ; Die Gebrechen und Siindcn der Sittcnpolizei (last ed. 1897); Ge- schichte des Rittertums (1893) ; Die Freimaurer (1894) ; Die Jcsititcn (3d ed. 1894) ; Aria, das Reich des eiaigen Fricdens im 20. Jahrh. Ein Zukunftshild (1895); Handbuch der Kultur- geschichte (1900-01). His autobiography ap- peared in Deutsche Denker, vol. viii. (Danzig, 1890). HENNEBERG, hen'ne-bers, Wilhelm ( 1825- 90). A German agricultural chemist, born at Wasserleben. He was educated at Brunswick, Jena, Giessen, the agricultural college at Ba- dersleben, and in England. In 1853 he founded at Celle the Journal fiir Landu-irtschaft ; four years later he was appointed director of the new experimental station near Gottingen, and in 1865 professor in the university. The founder of a new school of agricultural chemistry, especially in the matter of pasturage, he wrote, with Stoh- mann. Beitriige zur Begriindung einer rationel- len Fiitterung der Wiederkauer (1860-64), and Neue Beitriige (1870-71). HENNEGATT, hPn'ne-gou. See Hainait-T. HENNEPIN. en'pflN'. Louis (c.l640-c.l706). A Belgian missionary and explorer in America. He was born at Ath. in Hainault. and at an early age joined the Recollet branch of the Franciscan Order, becoming a successful preacher in Bel- gium and Northern France. In 1075 he em- barked for Canada in the same ship with La Salle, the explorer, and Bishop Laval, of Quebec. The next year he was in the Indian mission of Fort Frontenac, and visited the Mohawk country. In 1678 he accompanied La Salle's expedition to Niagara and the upper lakes, and constructed a vessel in which they proceeded by the Erie, Huron, and Michigan lakes to Saint Joseph's Eiver, which they navigated in canoes. Reach- ing the Illinois, they built Fort Crfevecceur. Here La Salle left them, and Hennepin and his party proceeded down the Illinois to the Mississippi. They were captured by the Sioux and carried up the Mississippi, but were soon released, and Hen- nepin returned to Quebec. During this journey Hennepin discovered the Falls of Saint Anthony, July 3, 1680, and one of his party penetrated as far as Lake Superior. Hennepin soon after sailed for France, where he published his Descrip- tion de la Louisuine (1683-84), containing an account of La Salle's expedition and of the missionary's own discoveries. Hennepin re- fused to return to America, though ordered to do so by his superiors of the Church, and took refuge in Holland. After La Salle's death Hennepin published his Nouvelle decouverte d'un tris grand pai/s situc dans VAmfrique. In this he claimed to have been the first man to descend to the mouth of the Mississippi — a state- ment which was easily proved to be false. His works won great popularity and were translated into several languages. Hennepin died at Utrecht about the year 1706. For his life and discoveries, consult: Saint-Genois, Les voyageurs beiges du XIII. au XIX. sifcle (Brussels, 1867) ; Van Hulet, Notice sur le pcre Louis Hennepin (Li?gc, 1845) ; Shea, Discovery of the Mississippi (New York, 1852) ; Parkman, La Salle and the Discovery of the Great West ( 12th ed., Boston, 1887) ; Winsor. Narrative and Critical History of America, vol. iv. (Boston, 1884), contains a full account of Hennepin. HENNEQTJIN, en'kaN', Alteed (1842-87). A French dramatist, born at Li&ge, Belgium. He was a pupil at the school of mines in his native town, and practiced engineering, but after 1875 confined himself to play-writing. His early works include: J'attends man oncle (1869), and Les troix chapeaux (1870). His first Parisian success was Le proces Yauradieux (1875). This was followed bv Les dominos roses (with Dela- cour, 1876): Bfbd (with Najac, 1877); and Nounou (1879); Niniche (1878); Dili (1880); La femme A papa (1885), the last three in col- laboration with Albert Millaud, and many other gay, daring comedies. HENNET, e'na". Chevalier Albert Joseph L'lpien (1758-1828). A French economist, born at Maubeuge. When he was nineteen he became supernumerary in the Ministry of Finance under Necker, and. although a' royalist at heart, acted with such prudence through both Republic and Empire that he became chief commissioner of finance, and held that post from 1813 to 1816. He is well known for his work on finance, includ- ing Thcorie du credit public (1816), and Essai d'un plan des finances (1816). which, however, are largely colored by his partis.an views, and also wrote a Cours d'astronomie (1820), and some critical work, of which La poitique anglaise ( 1806) may be mentioned.
