HOLLAND. U7 HOLLAE. pure and sweet in fefling, earnest in moral tone, and appeal to a wide eircde of readers. For his Life, consult Plunkett (New York, 1894). HOLLAND, riiiUEMOx (1552-1G37). A na- tive of Clielnisford, England, called by liis eon- tcmijuraries 'the translator-general of his age.' He was educated at Trinity College, of which he became a fellow. On being appointed to the rectorship of the free grammar-school of Coven- try, he began a long series of translations from the classics. He also found time to carry on practice as a physician. By distribution of his time he reconciled his three professions of school- master, doctor, and translator, fulfilling the functions of all three till his eightieth year. His chief translations are those of T.ivy. Pliny's Xaf- ural Histiirii. Plutarch's Morals. Suetonius. Am- mianus Marcellinus. and the ('yrojxrdia of Xeno- phon. He also did good service to literature by his edition of Camden's Britannica, to which he made some valualile additions. HOLLAND, Thomas Ebskine (1835—). An Knglish jurist of prominence. He was born at Brighton, studied there and at Balliol and Jlag- dalen Colleges, Oxford, where he won high honors, and entered practice in 1803. In 1874 Holland became Vinerian reader of English law at Oxford, and immediately afterwards was ap- pointed Chicele professor of international law and diplomacy. The wide recognition of his merits in this field may be seen from the fact that Holland was given the degrees of D.C.L. from Oxford and LL.D. from Bologna. Glasgow, and Dublin, and from his membership in the University of Saint Petersburg and an honorary professorship at Perugia. His best known work,. Eleincitt.<! <if .hirixjinnlciirr (ISSO. nth ed. 1000), is a standanl in England and .merica. He also wrote: The Insliltitcs of Jiistiitiaii (1873-81); The European Concert in the Eastern Question (188.5): and Studies in International Law (1898). HOL'LANDEK, .J.iCOB Harry (1871 — ). -A.n American econdniist. born in Baltimore, and edu- cated at .Johns Hopkins University. He was ap- pointed secretary to the Bimetallic Commission of 1897; in 1900" the Secretary of War made him special commissioner on the revision of law in Porto Rico, and a few months afterwards he was named treasurer of the island by President JIc- Kinley. He served as associate professor of finance in Johns Hopkins, and recording secretary of the American .Jewish Historical Societj'. His publications include: The Cincinnati Southern Ifailua;/. a Studti in Municipal Actirifi/ (1894) ; The Financial liistoru of Baltimore (1899) : and Studies in State Taxation (1900) : and be edited the Letters of Da rid Ricurdo to ■/. R. McCulloch (189.5). and to Hutches^ Troucr (1899). HOLLAND HOUSE. A London mansion of Tudor arihitecturc. on a hill near Kensington (iardens. built in 1007 for Sir Walter Cope. Its name is derived from an early owner. Henry Rich, Earl of llidland. The house is famous for its associations with the names of those who have occupied it. .fter Lord Holland's execution it passed into the han(is nf the Parliamentary gen- erals Fairfax and Lambert, but was later restored to Lady Holland, .ddison lived in it from 1716 to his death in 1719. Henry Fox. father of Charles .James Fox. purchased it in 1702, and it is still in the possession of his line. Among its other inmates have been Cromwell, Ireton, Wil- liam Penn. William III. and Jlary, Moore, and Macaulay. HOLLAND PTJKCHASE. See New York. HOLLAND SOCIETY. A patriotic society, founded in New York I'ity on April 0, 188.5. Its objects are to collect information respecting the early history and settlement of the city and State of New Y'ork by the Dutch, and to discover and preserve all existing documents, mementos, etc., relating to their genealogy and history, as well as to publish material for a memorial history of the Dutch in America, in which shall be particu- larly set forth the part belonging to that element in the growth and development of American char- acter, institutions, and progress. The society admits to membership descendants, in the male line only, of a Dutchman who was a native or resident of New York, or of the American Col- onies, prior to the year 1075. The insignia is an oval medallion with the head of William the Silent in relief. The society has marked various historical localities in New York City by in- serilx-d brass plates : and publishes volumes con- taining historical information. Its membership is upwards of 1000. HOLLAR, hcJl'Uir, Wencesias (in Bohemian, Vaclav HoLAR) (1007-77). A celebrated etcher and engraver. He Avas born at Prague, June 13, 1007, the son of a lawyer, and received a good education. He studied engraving under Matthew Marian, a pupil of Rubens and Van Dyck. He was only eighteen when he published his first works, consisting of the "Virgin," the "Ecco Homo." and some other subjects. Leaving Prague, he began a wandering life through Ger- many, taking views of the chief towiis and of the most striking scenery of the Danube, Rhine, and other streams. He lived two years at Frank- fort, and afterwards in Cologne and Antwerp. At Cologne in 1035 he fell in with the Earl of .runilol, the English Ambassador to the German Emperor, who attached him to his service. Soon after reaching England with his patron he was appointed to instruct the Prince of Wales in drawing: and in 1640 published his Ornatus Mu- lirbris AnriUcanns, a description of the customs of the contemporary Englisliwomen, followed in 1043 by Theatrum Mulicrum. a similar i)roduction for the women of the remaining parts of Europe. During the Civil War he eilisted as a Royalist, and in 10-15 he joined Lord .rundel at Antwerp. After -Vrundel's death he becanu! very poor. He worked by time, fixing his tarilf at fourpence an hour, which he marked by a sand-glass. During this period, however, he produced his best work. He returned to F.ngland in 1052, and worked with the same unflagging industry, and with no more profitable result. His plates in Dugdale's Mo- naslicon and Uistor;/ of Saint Paul's and in other works attest his diligence, .fter the Restoration he was m.Kle designer to the King, and in 1600 he was commissioned by Charles II. to take plans and perspective drawings of Tangier and its for- tifications, in payment for which work he received a very paltry sum. In 1673 he traveled through Northern England, etching the principal cities there. He died in srrcat poverty in London, Janu- ary 19, 1077. He left over 2700 plates on a great variety of subjects. They include views of cities, such as Strixssburg, Frankfort, Cologne, Oxford, Lin-
