HOLZBAUER. 165 HOME. HOLZBAXTER, hults'bou'er, Ignaz (1711-83). An Austrian composer, born in Vienna. Despite the opposition of his parents, wlio intended him for the law, he studied music, and in 1745 be- came kapellmeister to Count Rottal and at the Court Theatre of Vienna. He was later kapell- meister at Stuttgart and at Mannheim. He spent much of his time in Italy, where most of his operas were produced. They were popular, and include: II fujlio delle selve (17.35); Ales- sandro ttell' Indie (1750) ; and La clrmcnza di Tito (1780). lie composed, in addition, a great quantity of Church music, and excellent con- certos, string quartets, and 196 symphonies. He died at Mannheim. HOLZSCHUH, holts'shoo, Dietrich. A Ger- man pretender, also called Tile Kolup. He laid claim to the throne as Frederick II., who died in 1250. In Cologne (1284) his claim was ridi- culed, he was ducked in a sewer, and driven from the citj'. At Neuss he fared better, and in 1285 went to A'etzlar and there held court; but on the ajipinach of Rudolf he was turned over to the King and was burned as a heretic (1285). Con- sult: Meyer, Tile Kolup (Wetzlar, 18G8), and Telri, "Der falsche Friedrich," in vol. ii. of Zciischrift des Bergeschen Oeschichtsivereins (Bonn, 18C4). HOMAGE (from OF. homage, hommage, Fr. hommage, Prov. homcnatge, homenage, from ML. hominaiicum, homage, from Lat. homo, man). In feudal law, the formal acknowledgment of the service which the vassal owed his lord. The form was ordinarily as follows : The vassal knelt be- fore his lord, placed his hands between his lord's hands, and declared himself the lord's vassal for his, fief. The lord then gave him a kiss and raised him from his knees. Homage and fealty (q.v.) were usually parts of the same ceremony, but were not synonymous. Consult Luchaire. Manuel rfc? institutions fran^aises (Paris, 1892). See Feudalism. HOMAGE ANCESTRAL. An ancient form of English land tenure of a privileged character. It was a form of the tenure of free and common socage (q.v.) and existed "where time out of mind a man and his ancestors had held by hom- age" only, in lieu of all other services. The alienation of an estate held by homage ancestral converted it into an ordinary socage tenure by homage, and freed it from the peculiar privileges which attached to it by virtue of its ancestral character. HOM'ArONO'TTIS (Neo-Lat., from Gk. i^a- X6i, hotnalos, level + vCitov, noton, back). . genus of fossil trilobites of large size, found in the Silurian and Devonian rocks, and character- ized by the absence of trilobation of the thoracic segments. See TRiLoiilT.. HOM'ALOP'SID.ffi. See Herpeton. HOMAT'ROPINE (from Gk. i^6t, homos, same + Eng. atropine, from Neo-Lat. atropina, from .1 tropa, deadly nightshade, from Gk. 'Arpoiros, Atropos, name of one of the Fates, the inflexible, from a, o, not + Tpiirot, tropofi, a turning, from •rpiireiv, trepein, to turn). A by-product in the manufacture of atropine, used chiefly in prepar- ing the eye for examination. For this purpose the hydrobromate, which is freely soluble in water, is employed. Its action is similar to that of atropine, but less powerful and less pro- longed. The dilatation of the pupil passes off in from 24 to 36 hours, while that resulting from atropine lasts several days. Homatropine is often combined with cocaine when used for dilating the pupils. For internal use it is in- ferior to atropine. HOMBTJRG VOR DER HOHE, hAm'boorK fur der he'e. A fashionable watering-place, largely frequented by English, in the Prussian Province of Hesse-Nassau, situated at the foot of the Taunus Mountains, 11 miles northwest of Frankfort (Map: Germany. C 3). It has an old castle which formerly belonged to the land- graves of Hesse-Homburg, and is now used by the Prussian royal family. The landgraves re- sided here from 1622 to 186G. The elaborate Kurhaus contains a museum of antiquities. The splendid gambling resort here was closed in 1872. The chief mineral spring is the Elisabcth-Brun- nen, the water of which is very rich in salts, and is extensively exported. Other springs are rich in iron, and the waters of several of the springs are only used for bathing. The annual number of guests e.xceeds 12,000. Homburg has some manufactures of machinery and soap. Popula- tion, in 1900, 9635. The environs are delightful. Remarkable remains of extensive Roman in- trenchments are to be seen in the vicinity. HOME, Daniel Dunglas (1833-86). A Scotch spiritualist medium, bom near Edinburgh. He was descended on his mother's side from a High- land family noted for its gift of '.second sight.' When a child he was brought to the United States, and before he was twenty he was widely known as a medium. t)n the testimony of Wil- liam Cullen Bryant, Professor Wells of Harvard, and other well-known men, it is recorded that knocking on the walls, the sliding about of the furniture, and the 'levitation' of the medium himself in the air occurred without the slightest recourse to trickery so far as they could observe. When he returned to England in 1856, his seances were atteniled by many prominent people, in- cluding Robert Browning and his wife. Mrs. Browning is said to have believed in spiritualism, but her husband disbelieved, and was inspired to write Mr. Sludge, the Medium. In 1856 Home became a Catholic while at Rome; but in 1864 was expelled from the city as a sorcerer. Dr. Robert Chambers and Dr. Lockhart Robertson were among his converts, and a number of scien- tists were convinced of the genuineness of his powers, including Sir William Crookes, who pub- lished an account of the experiments made with him, entitled Researches in the Phenomena of Spiritualism (1874). In 1866 Home became sec- retary of the Spiritual Athenanim, for the propa- gation of spiritualism. He instituted a vigorous campaign ajiainst professional mediums and scru- pulously abstained from taking money at his sfances. He published Incidents in Mg Life (2 vols., 1863-72), and Lights and Shadoirs of Spir- itualism (1877). Consult: Madame Home, D. D. Home: His Life and Mission (London, 188s), and The Gift of D. D. Home (ib., 1890). HOME, Sir Everaro (1756-1832). An Eng- lish surgeon, born at Hull, the son of an army surgeon. He studied at Westminster School, and in 1773 resigned a scholarship in Trinity College, Cambridge, to study under .John Hunter (q.v.), who married Home's sister. Home was long con- nected with the College of Surgeons, was its pro-
