IKTTNO. 457 ILIAC ARTERIES. silver-mines, the second largest in Japan, are run by the Government. Over 1500 persons are employed, and the mines are worked day and night. Besides silver they also yield gold. Popu- lation, estimated at 3000. ILAGAN, f-la'gan. The capital of the Prov- ince of Isabela in Luzon, Philippines (Map: Philippine Islands. F 2). It is situated in the centre of the province at the confluence of sev- eral streams, about .3.30 miles northeast of Ma- nila. Its tobacco industry is important. Popu- laliuii, ill 1898. over l:i.S(io. ILANO, e-la'n6, or ILLANO. A Jloro tribe on Illaiio Bay, Southern Mindanao. See Phii-IP- I'lNE I.SL.>rD.S. ILCHI. el'che'. A city of the Chinese Em- pire. Sec KnoT.x. ILE-DE-FRANCE, el-defraxs. The former naiiie of Mauritius (q.v. ), an island in the Indian Ocean. f LE-DE-FRAUCE. One of the old provinces of France, having Paris as its capital, and now mostly comprised in the departments of Seine, Seincet-Oise, Seine-et-Marne, Aisne, and Oise. During the last century of the Carolingian dy- nasty, the Ile-de-France was possessed by a race of powerful nobles who took the title of Dukes of France. One of the ablest of these was Hugo or Hugues, sumamed Le Blanc, or Le Grand, who for twenty years previous to his death (9.56) virtually wielded the sovereign power under the Carolingian kings Louis IV. and Lothair. His son Hugh Capet eventually became the actual sovereign. See Capetian Dynasty. ILEO-C-ffiCAL (il'e-cj-se'kal) VALVE. A valvular constriction that guards the passage be- tween the large and the small intestine, at the opening of the cjecum. It consists of a double fold of mucous membrane, and is present in all mammals except certain camivora. IL'ETJM. See Intestine. IL^EUS ( Neo-Lat., from Lat. ileos, Gk. ei?.c6g, eileos, 'Ocbc, ileos, severe colic, from e[eiv, eilein, to roll up; connected with Lat. volvere, to roll, Eng. icalloic) . A severe colic, due to intes- tinal obstruction. Its svmptoms are pain, nausea, and vomiting — which latter may contain feculent matter — rapid and feeble heart, and collapse. The obstruction may relieve itself, or if of me- chanical origin, it may require operative inter- ference to save life. ITliEX (Lat., holm-oak). A tree often named in the Latin classics, the evergreen oak or holm- oak iQuercus Ilex). It is a native of most parts of the south of Europe, and of the north of Africa, and often attains large dimensions. Its leaves are ovate-oblong, acute, leathery, hoary beneath ; but they varj- much in some respects, from the size of a sloe-leaf to that of a beech, and from being very spiny at the edge to perfect evenness. It-s wood is very hard and hea'j', tough, durable, and useful, particularly for axles, pulleys, screws, and whatever is to be subjected to much friction. The acorns are of various quality, sometimes bitter, and sometimes sweet and eatable. In modem botany Ilex is the generic name of the holly (q.v.). ILFORD, il'ferd. A town in Essex, England, five miles southwest of Romford (Map: London, D 9). Its modern growth and importance are due to the photographic industry, the establi.sh- nient of dry-plate works, and a paper-mill. I'he erection also of the London County Coimcil's Claybury Hall Lunatic Asylum, holding 2000 persons, has been instrumental in adding to the jiopulation. The twelfth-century chapel of a mediaeval hospital is of archipological interest. The British Museum contains fossil remains of mammoths discovered here. Population, in I89I, 10.900; in 1001. 41,2.50. ILFRACOMBE, il'fhi-kiijm. A market-to«Ti, seaport, and watering-place on the north coast of Devon, England, finely situated amid picturesque irregular hills, on an inlet of the British Chan- nel, 11 miles northwest of Barnstaple (Map: England, B 5). The harbor is formed by ram- parts of rock, and furnished with a lighthouse and a pier. It has excellent bathing facilities which, with its fine air. make it a popular sum- mer resort. Fishing and an active coasting trade are carried on. It is an old town, and in the fourteenth century was of considerable commer- cial importance. Population, in 1891, 7692; in 1901, 8600. ILGEN, el'gen, Kabl Daid (1763-183J). A German philologist and educator, born at Burg- hclzhausen in Saxony, and educated at Leipzig. In 1789 he became rector of the gymnasium at Xaumburg; in 1794 professor of Oriental lan- guages at .Jena ; and in 1802 rector of the Landes- .schule at Pforta, where he labored with conspicu- ous success for nearly thirty years. His main works are: De Jobi Xatura atque Virlulibtis (1788): Vrkunden des ersten Buehes Mosi-i in Hirer Urgestalt (1798); Die Oeschichte Tobis nach drei verschiedenen Orirfinalen iibersetzt (1800) ; ffymni Uomerici (1796) ; Scotia (Irwco- rum (1798) ; Opuscula Varia Philologica (1797) ; and Animadversiones ad Vergilii Copam (1820). Consult Xaumann. Ilf/eniaiia (Leipzig. 1853). ILI, e'le'. A river which rises, under the name of Tekcs. in the Thian-Shan Mountains, on the borders of the Russian and Chinese empires, not far from Lake Issyk-kul, flows at first in a north- easterly and then in a westerly direction, passing the town of Kuldja, and falls into Lake Balk- hash in the Russian Central Asiatic Province of Semirietchensk (Jlap: Asia. G 4). It is about 800 miles long, and is navigable from Kuldja. ILIAC ARTERIES. The two arteries formed by the bifurcation of the abdominal aorta. The aorta ( q.v. ) divides at it-s lowest point — which is usually on the left side of the body of the fourth lumbar vertebra — into the two common iliac arteries, which pass downward and outwaid on each side to the margin of the pelvis for about two and one-half inches, and then di- vide into the external and internal iliac artery of either side. The external iliac passes obliquely downward and outward to the femoral arch, when it enters the thigh and becomes the femoral artery. The internal iliac is a short vessel, about an inch and a half in length, which divides into an anterior and a posterior trunk. The anterior trunk divides into several branches, which supply the bladder, the rectum, the genera- tive «organs. and muscles both within and on the outside of the pelvis, with arterial blood : while the branches of the posterior trunk mainly sup- ply muscles within and on the outside of the pel- vis. The importance of the internal iliac artery
