IBISH LITERATURE. 770 (q.v.), the president of the League, has been one <il the leaders in the muvenient. Among others who have horno an important share in the work shoiiUI lie mentioned the late Father Eugene O'tirowney, whose tfimpk Lessons in Irish have become the most widely used of Gaelic text-books, and Fathers P. J. Dinneen and Peter O'Learj', who have contributed largely as authors aiid editors to the publications of the League. HiuLiuoRAi'iiv. (Je.nekal. O'Keilly, Irish Writers (Dublin. 1S30) ; O'Curry. Lectures on the Manuscript Materials of Ancient Irish His- iory (ib., 18(il): and id., On the Manners and Customs of the Ancient Irish People (ib.. 1873). Much of the contents of these older works is now superseded. Hyde. A Literary History of Ireland (New York. 1899). represents better the present state of information. Old Irish. Stokes and .Strachan, Thesaurus I'ahrhihernicus, part i. (Cambridge, 1901). The completed work will contain all the Old Irish monuments. Middle Irish. Stokes and Windisch, Irisehe Texte (Leipzig, 1881-1900) ; O'Grady, tiiha Gadelica (London, 1892). Numerous texts have appeared in the Revue Celtique, the Zeitschrift fiir Celtische I'hilologie, the Anecdota Oxoniensia, and the publications of the Royal Irish Academy, the Irish Archaeological Society, the CV^Itic So- ciety, and the Irish Texts Society. JloDERX Iki.sh. Atkinson's edition of Keating, Three Shafts of Death (Dublin. 1S90), is the best introduction to the modern language. Heating's History of Ireland is being edited by D. Comyn for the Irish Texts Society (vol. i", 1902). Brooke's h'dir/iirs of Irish Poetry (Dub- lin. 1789), llardinian's Irish Minstrelsy (iMndon, ]s:;l), O'Daly's I'oets and Poetry of Munster (Dublin, 18."iO), and The Irish Lanijuayc Mis- cellany (Dul)lin, lS7(i). represent the poetry of the last two or three centuries. .Several poets of this period have been published very lately in the "Irish Texts Series" of the Gaelic"League. Douglas Hyde's Sonys of Connacht form also an important collection. The literature of the pres- ent language movement will be found principally among the publications of the (Jaelic League. In lolklore the collections of T. Crofton Croker, .Teremiah Curtin, Patrick Kennedy, William Laniiinie. D. O'Foharta, and Douglas Hyde all deserve mention. IRISH LORD. A yellowish, sculpin-like fish {Ilcmilcpidotus Jordani) of the waters about the Aleutian Islanils. Avbich is of great impor- tance as food to the Aleut islanders. This is also known as 'yellow sculpin,' and a more southerly species of the same genus is called 'red sculpin.' Both are mottled or barred black- ish, and are from one to two feet in length. IRISH MOSS. An edible seaweed. See CARRAcrFN. IRISH MUSIC. See Celtic ^Irsic. IRISH POMPANO. A West Indian food- fish (Oirres olistho-stomus) . one of the mojar- ras (q.v.), and also called 'mutton-fish.' IRISH SEA. The almost circular middle expansion <i! tlic channel separating Ireland from fJrrat I'.ritain (Map: Europe, C 3). It connects with the -Atlantic to the north by Xorth Channel between Southwestern .Scotland and Xortheastem Ireland, and to the south by Saint George's Channel between Wales and Southern Ireland. IRITIS. Its greatest width is 140 miles, and its length from north to south is nearly the same. It con- tains the Isle of Man in the north central part, and Anglesey in the southeast. IBISH SMOLLETT, The. A name given to Charles .lames l.4-i-r. IRISH TERRIER. See Terrier. IRISH TEXTS SOCIETY. A society formed in London to prnniote and foster the "study of ancient Irish texts and to undertake their pub- lication. The third volume of the society's pub- lications was issued in 1900 and contained a complete collection of the poems of Egan O'Rahilly. The volume for 1901 consisted of Heating's History of Ireland, edited by David Coinyn. .
Irish-English Dictionary to be issued
bj- the sfH-iet • is now (1903) in press. IRIS-ROOT. The fragrant root of various speciis iif iris. Sec Orri.s-Root. IRISSON, .•■'n^'soN', .Maurice HfiEissojr, Count of. See H£ki.sso., Maurice. IRI'TIS (XeoLat.. from iris, iris). Inflam- rnation of the iris. The objective symptoms of iritis (those which can be observed by the physi- cian) arc: ( 1 ) Redness of the eye, arising from vascularity of the sclerotic around the cornea and general redness of the sclerotic from accom- panying conjunctivitis. (2) Change in the color of the iris. When there is an exudation into the iris, a gray or blue eye is rendered greenish, while in a dark eye a muddy reddish tint is produced. The brilliancy of "the color of the iris also disappears. When the indamniation is very violent, or lias been unchecked by remedies, suppuration may take place, the pus 'settling at the lower part of the anterior chamber. (3) Ir- regularity, sluggishness. an<l sometimes immo- bility of the pupil, produced by the adhesion of the back of the iris to the crj-stalline lens. The subjective symptoms (those of which the patient is conscious) are intolerance of light, dimness of vision, pain in and around the eye. and lachryma- tion. The disease is often confused with acuta catarrhal conjunctivitis. Many acute cases re- cover under treatment in a few weeks; others run a more mild lint chronic-course. Complicat- ing inflammation of the deep portions of the eye increases the danger. Iritis may be followed by adhesions between the iris and lens, occlusion of the pupil, glaucoma, and sometimes blindness. Iritis may be primary, or secondary to inflamma- tion of other portions of the eye. The primary cases are often caused by syphilis, rheumatism, injurj', or, less frequently, by tuberculosis, gonorrhoea, acute infectious diseases, or dial>etes. In the so-called idiopathic iritis no cause is found. The treatment consists in absolute rest of the eye, with protection from light, the ap- plication of moist, warm compresses, local blood-letting, and dilatation of the pupil by the instillation into the eye of a weak solution of sulphate of atropine, with the view of preventing adhesion of the iris, or of breaking, or. at all events, of stretching and elongating any adhesive bands that may l)e formed ; and thus of prevent- ing any impairment of the movements of the iris, and any irregularity of the pupil after the inflammation shall have abated. When this is done the result must be carefully watched by the physician. Constitutional treatment must be directed to the cause of the innammation.
