JAUES. 108 JASLES. eled abroad, where he met Sandeman, whose Letters on Thcron and Aspasia he had cditcJ in 1S39. James's earlier theolo^Moal views are I'nilarian, though he believed in the divinity of Christ. Later he was greatly intlueneed by Swedenborg, wliose doetrines he aeeepled, but whose eeelesiastieal system he eonibaled. He ieetured in Xew York in 18-10 and 1852: ami published: Lectures and Miscellanies (1852); The Church of Christ Not an Ecclesiasiicism (1854); Christianity the Logic of Creation 11857): and The Secret of Suedcnhorg (ISOOK His Liirrarii Remains were edited by William James in 1885. JAMES, He.vry (1843—). An .Vnierican nov- elist and essayist, born in Xew York City, April 15, 1843, the son of the eminent theologian, Henry James, and the younger brother of William James, the ])syehologist. lie was ivUKuitcd inivately in New York, in Switzerland, in Kngland, and in France, and in 18(12 he enteroil tin' Harvard Law School. He preferred, however, the leolures of James Russell Lowoll to the regular work of his courses. For several years he had been ]>erfect- ing his literary style, and after one or two short stories of his had I'Cen published he turned his attention definitely to literature. Between 1871 and 1!)03 he ])rodueed more than forty hooks, some of them books of essays, but the major part of them works of ficticm. His essays are dis- tingiished for gi-neefulness of expression and for delicacy of perception on the part of the author: and these characteristics are even more apparent in his novels. In his earliest work he showed an unusial mastery of language and a nice sense of proportion ; his style was simple and pleas- ing, and the movement of his stories was steady. though not rapid. The substance of his plots was the development of character rather than dramatic incident. The persons whom he chose to portrav were selected from the classes that are subject to subtle impressions, and the evanescent emotions of such characters are expressed accurately in Air. .Tames's work. In his early books, for example Ifodericf: Tlurlson. The Amerienn. Pais}/ }filler. and The Portrait of a Lady, he chose as sidiject the contrast between the vigorous and kindly but simple .merieans when abroad and the polished arrogance of the members of older races with whom they came in contact. These are comparatively simple stories told in simple manner: and they attracted to the author a number of enthusiastic adherents, who found in him the creator of the international novel. His popularity increased with The Bos- tonians and The I'rincess Cusaniassima, in both of wnich the subtlety of Mr. .James's exposition of character was apparent. In later works, with in- creased insight into the complexities of society and in the cllort to render these complexities, there came a development of complexity in the style of the author which reached its height. i)er- haps, in The Sarrcd Fount — a book in which the phrases expressing the half-spoken or unspoken thought of the characters arc so elusive as to be, to the reader who lacks the most highly de- veloped intuition, almost unintelligil)lc. In Mr. Janu's's later works the theme also has changed; the author apparently became interested in the rapid trend towar<l unconventionality which took place in the last part of the nineteenth century in London, and many of his books dealt with phases of that change. Perhaps the most strik- ing examples of his works which deal with sub- jects that, treated in a less delicate numner, would be too lirutal to seem ai)))ro])riate for dis- cussion in literatire, are Wliiil Muisie Kncir. and The Winfis of a Dore : but tile cxjiosition of the rapid change in manners and customs in London is treated most com])rchensively in The Airlnrard Age. .mong his works are: ^'ateh and IVord (1871) ; lioderiek Hudson (1875) : Transatlantic Sketches (1875): .4 T'assionnlc I'ihirim (1875); The American (1877): Dais,/ Miller (1878); The Kuropeans (1878) : French I'oets and ovel- ists (1S78): .4)1 International Fpisodc (1879); llan-thorne (187'.>) : .4 Bundle of Letters (187!t) : Confidence (1870) ; The Diiirii of a Man of Fiftg (1880): Washington Square (1881); The Por- trait of a Ladii (1881); The Siege of London (1SS3) ; The Point of View (1883) : Portraits of Places (1884) : A Little Tour in France (1884) : Tales of Three Cities (1884); A .Ycic Enqtand ^S'iutcr (1885) ; The Author of Bellraffio (1885) ; The Bostonians (1886); The Princess Casa- massima (188(i): Partial Portraits (1888): The Aspern Papers (1888): The Rererherator (1888): .1 London Life (1880); The Tragic Muse (1800): The Pupil (1801); Terminations (1805); The Other House (1807): Spoils of Poiinton (1800) . Emharrassments (1800 : ^Yhat MaisieKnew (1807); The Tu-o Magics (1808); The Real Thinq and Other Tales; In the Caqe (1808): The Ai'kuard Aqe (1800): The Soft Side (1000); The Sacred Fount (1001); The ^yings of a Dore (1002) ; The Better Sort (1903). JAMES, Henry James, first Lord (1828—). An Englisli juri>t. Iiorn at Hereford. He was educated at C'hellenluim College, studied law, was called to the bar in 1852, and met with much success in the Mayor's Court and at Westminster. In 1807 he attained the coveted honor of 'post- man' in the Court of Excheiiuer. and two years afterwards became t^ueen's Councilor anil entered the House of Conuiions. where, in 1S73. he was appointed Solicit(ir-( ;<'neral and then Attorney- General. The latter post he received again in 1880, when the l,il)erals were returned to power, and in it he distinguislied himself by introducing and passing the reform bill known as the Cor- rupt Practices Act. Disagreeing with (Jlad- stone's Irish policy, he refused the Lord Chan- cellorship in 1880. ' He acted as Attorney-General to the Prince of Wales from 1S02 to 1.S!I5. and in the latter year was created Baron James of Hereford and "was appointed Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster. JAMES, .Tesse W. (1847-82). An American outlaw, liorn in Clay County. Mo., where his father. Robert .Lames." a Baptist preacher, owned a farm. The family were Southern in their sym- pathies during the Civil War. and as a conse- quence were persecuted by their I'nion neighbors. In order to get revenge. .Tesse joined Quant rell's giierrillas. and soon earned a name for reckless daring. At the conclusion of peace he sur- rendered, desperately woimded. and returned to his old home. In 1800. however, he was outlawed, and from that time mtil his death was con- stantly pursied by officers of the law. During these years he attained a world-wide notoriety by the crimes he committed or was charged with having committed, by his romantic adventures, and his almost invariable success. Finally Governor Crittenden of Missouri ofTered a reward of $10,000 for his capture, dead or alive, and
