JUNG-STILLING. 333 JUNIPER. Leien (1806), in the publication of which he was assisted by Goethe, whom lie had learned to know at Strassburg, and who characterizes his friend in the second volume of Siis mtiiiem Leben. The autobiography was completed by Heinrich Htillinys Alter |1817). His other works are the novels: Geschichte des Herrn von llorgenthau (1779) ; Geschichte Florentins von Fahlendorn (1781-83); and Ermhliinyen (1814-15); and on purely mystical subjects: l'heoT)ald (1784-85; in English, 1846) ; Theorie der Geisterkuiide (1808; in English. 1834) ; and Hcenen aus dem Geister- reiche (1707-1801). His collected works were published at Stuttgart (1835-39). Consult Petersen, Jung-Stilling (Copenhagen, 1890). JU'NIAT'A. A river of Pennsylvania, formed liy tlic Franktown Branch and the Little Juniata, which rise in the Alleghanies and unite at Petersburg in the south central part of the State ( ilap : Pennsylvania, D 3 ) . Its general direction is easterly with many windings, and after a course of 150 miles it enters the Sus- quehanna at Duneannon. 14 miles above Harris- burg. It breaks through several parallel moun- tain ridges and is marked through nearly its whole course by grand and picturesque scenery. It is not navigable, but the Pennsylvania Canal and the Pennsylvania Railroad follow its wind- ings from its source to its mouth. JUNIATA COLLEGE. A coeducational in- stitution of higher learning at Huntingdon. Pa., founded by the German Baptist Brethren, in 1876. It has a preparatorj' department, a school of arts, and Bible and music, commercial, and normal English courses, leading to the degrees of Bachelor of Arts. Englisli. and Sacred Litera- ture. The institution places emphasis on the religious side of clucation. and cxerei.ses a close supervision over its students. The college had, in 1902, 333 students and 21 instructors. The endowment in 1902 was $37.7.50, and the college property was valued at $150,000. The library contained 20.900 bound volumes and 4000 pam- phlets. JUNIL1US. A bishop of Africa, who flour- ished in the sixth century. He was the author of Instituta Regularia Divince Legis (c.550). one of the earliest introductions to the sacred writ- ings. .Tunilius himself claimed no originality. but in the introduction to the work stated that he was indebted for the greater part of its con- tents to a certain Paulus of Persia, supposed to have been Paulus of Bassora, who afterwards became iletropolitan of Xisibis. In this work, which is generally called De Partibus Diiina; Legis, Junilius does not envmierate the Chroni- cles, Ezra, Xehemiah. .Job. .ludith. Esther, or the Maccabees among canonical books. Consult the edition by Kilm (Freiburg, 1880) ; Beeker's Das System des Kirchenvaters Junilius (Lubeck, 1787) ; and Kilm's Theodor von iIoj)suestia und Junilius Africanus (Freiburg, 1880). JUNIN, Hoo-nen'. An inland department of Peru, bounded by the Department of Iluanuco on the north, Cuzco on the east. Ayacucho and Huancavelica on the south, and Lima on the west (Map: Peni. B 0). Area. 23.347 square miles. One nf the Andes ranges traverses the depart- ment through the centre, and divides it into two parts, the western being elevated ; the eastern lower and thickly wooded, known as the hot IMontana. Agriculture is in a backward state, and the ricli deposits of silver which are found in the Cerro de Pasco are utterly neglected. A railroad connects the southern part of the prov- ince with Lima on the coast, and several exten- sions of this line have been projected, which will open communication with the eastern and noi-th crn departments. The population was officially estimated, in 1896, at 394,393. Capital, Cerro de Pasco (q.v. ). JUNIN, or CHINCHAYCOCHA. A lake in the Department of .Junin, Peru, situated at an altitude of 13,000 feet. It is about 37 miles long and 7 miles wide, and is drained by the ilantaro River. There are several to«-ns on its shores, and small steamboats ply on it. JUNIPER (older forms gynypre, jeneper, from OF. gencivre, genoivre. It. ginepro, giuni- pero, from Lat. juniperus, junipirus, probably for junonipirus, .Juno's pear, from Juno, Juno + pirus, pear; also explained as being from juvenis, young, and pirus, pear: hardly connected with parere, to produce) , ./HHiper»s. A genus of trees and shrubs of the natural order Coniferte. hav- ing unisexual flowers, the male and female generally on separate plants, and the fruit a kind of fleshy berry containing one to three small nuts. The species are all evergreen, and have small, narrow, rigid, and scale-like leaves oppo site in whorls of three or four, or imbricated in four rows, both forms sometimes occurring to- gether. They are natives chiefly of northern tem- perate and cold regions. The common juniper (Juniperus cnminunis) . common to northern high latitudes, rarely exceeds a height of 30 feet, and in general is only a shrub from 2 to 6 feet high. The abundant, round, bluish-black currant- like fruit takes two ears to ripen. On the shell of the nuts are three glands, which abound, es- pecially before ripening, in an essential oil — oil of juniper — present also particularly in the young wood. The wood is yellowish-red. brownish in the heart, hard, and fragrant. When of sxifli- cient size it is much valued for turning and veneering. The dry twigs, roots, and berries are used for fumigation. The berries, which have a strong and peculiar flavor, are much used for flavoring sin. which derives its name from them. They also enter into several medical preparations, being stimulant, sudorific, and diuretic. The
