KALISCH. 371 KAT,KAB. KALISCH, kii'lish, David (1820-72). A Ger- man humorous poet, lie was born at Breslau, became a collaborator on Oettinger's Charivari at Leipzig in IS-IG, and in 1848 assisted in the founding of Kladderadatsch, the famous comic journal of Berlin. His plays are very popular in Germany, and a collection of his songs has been published in the Berliner Leierkasten ( 1857, new series. 1863). Consult Ring, David Kalisch (Berlin, 1873). KALISCH, IsiDOB (1816-86). An American Jewish rabbi, leader of the radical and reformed party. He was born at Krotoschin, Prussia; studied at Berlin, Breslau, and Prague; and in 1849 came to the United States, He worked in Cleveland. Milwaukee, Indianapolis, Detroit, Leavenworth, Nei>ark, and Xashville, and spent his last years in Newark (1872-86). Kalisch at- tained prominence in theological circles by his Wegiceiser fur ro.tioiielle Forschiinijen in den lihlischen Schriften (1853) ; by his .criticism ot Leesers English version of the Bible ; and by his attacK on Jewish Belief in a Personal Messiah. He was active as a translator, publishing Xathan ihe ^yis€ (186'J); Hepher Yezirah (1877); Munz's History of Philosophy Among the Jeics ( 1881 ) ; and Ha-Tapnach, from a Hebrew version of a pseudo-Aristotelian tract ; as a Talmudic lexicographer ; and a.s u poet in German and Hebrew. Of his poems the best known is Hchl'ichtr/csang dcr Deutschen. written in his student days. KALISCH, iI.RCus (1828-85). An English biblical critic, born at Treptow. in Pomerania, and educated in Berlin and at Halle. He left Germany in 1849 because of his sympathy with the rising of the previous year ; went to England ; became seeretarj- to Rabbi Adier and tutor to the Rothschilds. His great work was the un- completed commentary on the Pentateuch, includ- ing Exodus (1855); Genesis (1858); Leviticus (1867-72). He also published a Hehreic Gram- mar (1862-63); Gennan poems under the title l.ehen und Kunst (1868); and biblical studies, Balaam (1877); Jonah (1878); and Path and Goal (1880), and religious systems. KALISH, kii'lesh (Vol. Kalisz) . The western- most government of Russian Poland, covering an area of 4392 square miles. It is almost entirely flat and is watered chiefly by the Warta and the Prosna. The climate is moderate and healthful, and the soil fertile and on the whole well cul- tivated. Agriculture is the main occupation. The manufacturing industries are unimportant, em- ploying only about 15.000 persons. The chief manufactures are lif|Uors, sugar, textiles, paper, etc. Population, in 1897, 846.719, of whom about 80 per cent, were Poles, about 10 per cent. Ger- mans, and the remainder Jews and Russians. Capital, Kalish (q.v. ). KALISH. Capital of the government of the same name in Russian Poland, situated in the low. yet nicturesque, valley of the Prosna, near the Prussian frontier, 149 miles west-southwest of Warsaw (Map: Russia, A 4). The grand monument erected by Nicholas I. in 1835 in com- memoration of the alliance of Alexander I. and Frederick William III. concluded there in 1813, and many valuable works of mediicval sacred art in some of its Roman Catholic churches, are the interesting features of Kalish. Distilling, mill- ing, tallow-melting, weaving of cloth, sugar-refin- ing, and the production of woolens, leather, and tobacco are its principal industries. There are several annual markets. Population, in 1897, 21,700, chiefly Poles and .Jews. Kalish is one of the oldest Polish towns. In 1706 the Swedes were defeated here by the Poles and Russians. KAL1SPEL, or PEND D'OREILLE, paN do'ra'y'. A Salishan triljc, formerly holding the territory along Pend d'Oreille lake and river in Idaho ami Washington. They formerly crossed the mountains annually to hunt the buffalo in the plains. Although naturally peaceable and friendh' in disposition, they were brave warriors. Through the influence of the Jesuit missions established among them about 1844 by Father De Sm-et, they advanced rapidly in industry, civilization, and Christianity until their fir.st treaty with the Government in 1855, since which time removals and mismanagement have caused a retrogression. The greater portion are nov.' confederated with the Flatheads and Kutenai upon Flathead resenation in Montana, while a few others are roving in northwestern Washing- ton, the total population of the tribe being per- uaps from 600 to 800. KALIYUGA, ka'lg-yoo'ga (Skt., age of strife). In Hindu chronology, the fourth or last of the periods 'contained in a mahayuga or great jTiga. (See YuGA.) It may be compared to the Iron Age of clas.sical mythology. It consists, according to Indian belief, of 432,000 solar- sidereal years, and began February 18, 3102 B.C. The relation of the four yugas being marked by a successive physical and moral degeneration of created beings, the kaliyuga is the worst of all. KALK, kjilk. A town in the Rhine Province, Prussia, on the Rhine, opposite Cologne, with which it is connected by street cars. It manu- factures machinery, boilers, electrical apparatus, chemicals, porcelain, and agricultural imple- ments. Population, in 1890. 13.555; in 1900, 20,606. Kalk was a part of Deutz until 1867, when it became a separate community. In 1881 it was made a city. KALKAB, kal'kar, Chblstiax Andbeas Hek- MAX (1803-86). A Danish theologian. He was the son of a Jewish rabbi and was bom in Stockholm, but accepted Christianity in 1823, and became a Danish pastor and author of many books, of which the following on missions may be mentioned in German translation: Die evan- gelischen ilissionshestrehungen in unseren Tagen (1867); Geschichte der romisch-halholischen Mission (1867) ; Geschichte der christ lichen Mis- sion unter den Heiden (2 vols., 1879-81). He worked, however, in other fields and took part in the revision of the Old Testament section of the Danish Bible. KALKAB, JoHAXX Steptiaxis von (1500- 40?). An eminent Cierman painter, born at Kal- car. in tlie Duchy of Cleves. He went early to Italy and in Venice was. in 1536-37. the pupil of Titian, whose manner he adopted so thoroughly that their respective works can occasionally be distinguished only with difficulty. At a later period he imitated Raphael with equal fidelity. Subsequently he went to Xaples, where he became acquainted with Vasari, who bestows high praise on him, and where, according to Lanzi, he died. His rare portraits existing. ver>- delicate in feel- ing, excellent in drawing, and colored in a clear, warm, and somewhat reddish tone, thoroughly
