KEITH. 429 KEITH. educated in Aberdeen; was a minister of the Established Church until the disruption in 1843, when he joined the Free Church. His principal work. Evidence of the Truth of the Christian Keligion Derived from the Literal Fulfillments of Prophecy (1828), has passed through forty edi- tions, and been translated into several languages. It was followed by The .S'lyns of the Times ( 1832) ; Demonstration of the Truth of the Chris- iian Religion (1838) ; The Land of /sraei(1843) ; The Harmony of Prophecy (1851). With a deputation from the Church of Scotland, he visited Palestine to make researches respecting the condition of the Jews, and publislied a Xar- rative of the Mi'ision to the Jews (1841). This has been illustrated by his son. Dr. G. H. Keith of Edinburgh, who accompanied him in his tour and was the first person to take daguerreotype views of the Hoh' Land. He died at Bu.'rton, Eng- land. February 8, 1880. KEITH, Geobge (c.1639-1716) . A Church of England divine and early missionary in America. He was bom near .berdeen, at whose university he was educated for the Presbyterian ministry. About 16G2, however, he adopted Quaker prin- ciples, and was associated with George Fox and Robert Barclay in public defense of them. He came to America soon after 1684, and for some years preached and practiced the same doctrines. Gradual]}- separating Irom the Friends, he was denounced by William Penn as an apostate, and, after endeavoring to organize a body of 'Chris- tian (or Baptist) Quakers,' entered the Church of England in 1700. His reasons for this step were considered so cogent that they were chosen for the first publication of the newly organized Society for Pionioting Christian Knowledge. He was a zealous missionary- for his new creed, trav eling through the Northern Colonies and baptiz- ing hundreds of Quakers. He returned to Eng- land in 1704. and was appointed rector of Edbur- ton in Sussex in the next year. He was a man of wide learning. In 1706 he published A Journal of Travels from Xew Hampshire to Caratuck, on the Continent of Xorth America. He was also the author of a new method for calculating longi- tude, in (ieo'iraphy and navigation Completed (17001. KEITH, George IvEixH-ELPnixsTONE, Vis- count ( 1746-1823). A British admiral. The fifth son of the tenth Lord Elphinstone, he was born at Elphinstone, Scotland, .Tanuary 7, 1746. He entered the navy in his boyhood and served in the East Indies, China, and other parts of the world. He commanded the frigate Perseus at the battle of Bunker Hill in 1775; in the action at Fort Mifflin on the Delaware in 1777; and served on shore in 1780 at the reduction of Charleston, being actively employed in the intervals in inter- cepting American blockade runners and privateers. He served in the Mediterranean squadron, under Lord Hood, at Toulon, in 1793; was afterwards made an admiral, and in 1795 was sent to operate against the Dutch colonies. In this expedition he was successful, taking possession of Cape Colony. Ceylon. Cochin, ilalacca. and the Mo- lucca Islands, .nnd finally, in August. 1796, cap- turing the Dutch squadron of West Africa. For these exploits he was elevated to the Irish peer- age as Baron Keith of Stonehaven Marischal. In 1800 he cooperated with the Austrians in the capture of Genoa. He also cooperated with Abercromby in the Egyptian expedition, and in 1815 commanded the Channel fleet which pre- vented the escape of Xapoleon I., and led to his- subsequent surrender to Captain Maitland of the Bellerophon. In 1814 he was created Viscount Keith of the peerage of the United Kingdom. He died ilarch 10, 1823, at Tullyallan, Perth- shire, Scotland, Consult AUardyce, Memoir of the HoiMe. G. K. Elphinstone, K. B., Viscount Keith (London, 18S2). KEITH, James (1696-1758). A Scotch gen- eral, best known as Mabsh.l Keith. The sec- ond son of William, ninth Earl Marischal of Scot- land, and Lady Mary Drunimond. daughter of the Earl of Perth, he was born at the Castle of Inverugie in Aberdeenshire, on .June 14, 1096. He and his elder brother, George, Earl Marischal, took part, on the side of the House of Stuart, in the insurrection of 1715, and after its sup- pression were attainted. See Keith (The House of). Having effected his escape, Keith re- mained in France for some years, improving his knowledge of the military profession, and wait- ing for an opportunity of obtaining service. In 1719, with his brother and other Scottish noble- men, he sailed on board the fleet which was fitted out 'by Cardinal Alberoni and the Spanish Court for the invasion of Scotland. The .Jacobites were defeated at Glenshiel by the royal armj-, under General ^^ ightman, and obliged to retreat. Keith escaped to the Continent. He continued in the Spanish service, but as his expectations of pro- motion were repeatedly disappointed, in conse- quence of his firm attachment to his religion, he applied for a recommendation to the Russian Government, which was immediately given, and he received from the Czar Peter II. a commission as major-general. He distinguished himself in the wars with the Turks and Swedes, particularly at the sifge of Oczakov. and the reduction of the .land Islands, but. finding the Russian service in various respects disagieeable. he entered that of Prussia in 1747. King Frederick knew his mer- its, and gave him the rank of field-marshal. From this time his name is associated with that of the King of Prussia, who relied as much on the military genius of Keith as he did on the diplomatic ability of his brother, the Earl Mari- schal. Keith's talents became still more con- spicuous upon the breaking out of the Seven Years' War. He shared the doubtful fortunes of the King before Prague, and was present at the great victory of Rossbach. and at the retreat from Olmiitz. When the Austrians under Daim. and the Prussians under their King, met at Hochkirch on October 14. 1758. Keith commanded the right wing. The Prussian army was beaten, and Keith, surrounded and overwhelmed by num- bers while endeavoring to force his way at the bayonet-point, was shot through the heart. His body was recognized by Count Lacy, formerly his scholar in the art of war, and was buried at Hochkirch. Keith wrote a brief but- interesting fragment of a memoir of his own life, commenc- ing with the year 1714 and ending in 1734. which was printed in 1843 by the Spalding Club. For his military career after entering the Prussian service, consult Carlvle. The Life of Frederick the Grc'it fXew York, "1858). KEITH, Sir Wn.Li.M (1680-1749). A Lieu- tenant-Governor of Pennsylvania and Delaware. The son of Sir William Keith of Ludquhaim, .■berdeenshire. Scotland, he was born near Peter- head. His youth was spent among the exiled
