KHOTIN. 477 KIANG-SI. ants are engaged chiefly in agriculture. Popu- lation, in 1897, 18,126. Here .John Sobicski de- feated the Turks in 1673. KHTJFTJ, Koo'foo. The Egyptian form of the name Clu-ops (q.v. ), the second king of the Fourth Egyptian dynasty. KHURJA, k'oor'ja. A town in the District of Hulandshalir. British India, on the East Indian Railway (Map: India, C 3). It lies .50 miles southsuutheast of Delhi, between which and Hatliras it is the principal trading town. It is one of the centres of India's cotton trade. Popula- tion, in lSi)l. 20.349; in 1901, 29,277. KHUZISTAN, KUo'zestan'. A western prov- ince of Persia, bounded by the provinces of Luris- tan and Ispahan on the north, Farsistan on the east, the Persian Gulf on the south, and Asiatic Turkey on the west (Map: Persia, Co). Area, estimated at 39.000 square miles. The western part is low and swampy in the winter. The east- ern is hilly, and has a more healthful climate. The chief rivers are the Karun and the Kerkliah. The province is very sparsely settled, and has declined greatly in trade since the famine of 1873. In the elevated portions of the cast are raised rice, wheat, barley, i.nd fruit. The population is largely nomadic, and its number is unknown. The chief cities are Dizful, Shuster, and 5Io- hammerah. KHVALYNSK, Kvalinsk'. The capital of a district of the >ame name in the Government of S-aratov, Russia, situated on the right bank of the Volga, 140 miles northeast of the city of Saratov (Map: Russia, G 4). Gardening and trading in grain are the principal occupations. Populatiim. in 1897. 1.5.465. KHVOSHTCHINSKAYA, Kvosh'chensld-a, X.DEZHDA Dmitbievka (1825-89). A prominent Russian author, born at Ryazan, Government of Ryazan. She wrote under the pseudonym of V. Krestovski. and most of her work first appeared in Ittnals of the Falherland, a monthly maga- zine. Her keen observation and realistic manner found great favor with the Russian public, in particular in her studies of provincial life, of which the most important is The Great Bear (1871). Among her further publications are In Trust of Better Things (1801). and From the Immediate Past (1808). Several volumes have been translated into Carman and Italian. The collected works apiK-ared at .Saint Petersburg (1883 et seq.). KHYBER, ki'ber, or KHAIBAR. PASS. A narrow defile in the Khybcr Mountains, Xorth- west India, connecting Punjab with Afghanistan (Map: India, U 2). It is on the route from Peshawar to Kabul. It is 33 miles long, and in some parts is merely a ravine from 50 to 4.50 feet wide, between ovcrtowering mountains and almost perpendicular cliffs of shale and lime- stone rising from 1400 to over 3000 feet high. It forms the bed of a mountain torrent, which is subject to occasional and sudden floods. Im- pressive in its desolation, wildncss, and grandeur, it is the only pass in the region through which artillery can be transported. Its strategical im- portance dates from the days of .lexander the Great. The ruins of native forts crown com- mandinc points, and during the Afghan wars of 1839-42 and 1878-80 the pas.sage of the Rritish troops was obstinately opposed. Since the latter period the pass has been under the control of the Anglo-Indian Government, which maintains sev- eral fortified posts garrisoned by the Khaibar Rifles, a corps of native Afridis. The pass is open to traflie on Tuesdays and Fridays only. KIABOUCCA, KIABOOCA, KYABUCA, ki'a-bijTik'ka, or A.mi!OY-. Wood. A beautifully mottlcil wood which reaches the market in small pieces, curled knots or excrescences formed on the stem of the producing tree, nie mottling is yellowish red, of difl'erent tints mixed with darker shades. It is much used for snutl-boxes and other kinds of omamentjil cabinet-work. The e.xaet botaniciil origin of this handsome wood is in ques- tion. It is probably produced by a number of allied sf)ecies, and is chiefly exported from New Guinea and Moluccas. A number of species sup- posed to furnish this wood, as Pterosperinum acerifoliuni. Pterosiwrmum rubiginosum, and Pterospcrmum suberifolium, occur abundantly in India, where their timber is considered very vakuiblc. KIAKHTA, ke-iiK'ta. A trading station in the Territor}- of Transbaikalia, Siberia, situated close to the Chinese commercial settlement of Maimatchin, and nearly three miles north of the fortress of Troitskozavsk, of which it forms a part (Map: Asia, K 3). It is surrounded by a wooden wall, and has a fine cathedral and an extensive bazaar. The commercial importance of Kiakhta is still considerable, although it has greatly declined since the Treaty of Peking in ISOO, prior to which it was the chief centre of the trade between Russia and China. The trade consists almost entirely in the export of tea, and amounted in 1895 to about .$10,000,000. Money was first used in the trade of Kiakhta in 1855. Population, estimated at .5000. KIA-K'ING, kyaTc'eng', or CHIA-CH'ING, chya'ch'eng'. The fifth Emperor of the juesent Manchu draasty of China. He was the fifteenth son of K'ien-lung (q.v.), and succeeded him in 1796. National decay set in with his accession to the throne. He proved diss(dute and worth- less, and family feuds, plots, insurrections, and piracy taxed the resources of the country. He persecuted the Romish missionaries and expelled many of them. He died in 1820, and was suc- ceeded by Tao-Kwang. KIANG. The Asiatic wild ass, better desig- nated 'tarpan.' Its local varieties have also re- ceived separate' names, as 'gorkhar,' etc. See .ss : and Plate of EquiD.s. KIANGANES, kyan-gii'uas, or QUIANGA- NES. . bead hunting people, settled in 18S9 in the Comandancia of (juiangan. Luzon. They be- long to the Ifugao linguistic family. See Philip- pine Islands. KIANG-SI, kyiing'se'. .Vn inland province of China, bounded on the east by Che-kiang and Fukien. on the south by Kwangtung, on the west by Hunan, on the north by Hu-neli. and on the northeast by Xgan-hwei (Map: China. E (>). It is made up entirely of ranges of moderately high moimtains and hills of no great length, veined by numerous watercourses and small stretches of open country. On its outer border, east, south, and west, the ridges are longer and higher, and form a sort of horseshoe-shaped environment, the Po- yang Lake filling the opening on the north. In ibis frame of mountains most of the numerous
