LACQUER-WORK. 676 LACROIX. In India the ware known as Lahore lacquer is made in many parts of the Peninsula, but that of Lahore is thought to be more varied in color and more artistic. A material closely resembling sealing-wax is the substance employed, and, as lac in the proper sense of the word is prepared in many parts of India, it is probable that the decorative lacquers are of the same material. It has no relation at all to the ware of China and .lapan. Aluch of the so-called lacquer is. like that of Persia, nothing more elaborate than a higlily varnished painting on paper. The ground of this ware, Imtli in Northern India and in Per- sia, is generally paper; that is to say, a slid' pa[)er board, not unlike papier-mache. In Bur- ma a very beautiful lacquer is made, celebrated
- for its elasticity, but it luts no pretension to such
artistic dignity or artistic range as the Japanese ware. The attempt which was made in eigh- teenth-century furniture to imitate the exquisite polish of the .Japanese lacquer-work was not entirely successful. BinLiOGR.PiiY. Consult Kurokana. "The De- velopment of Gold Lacquer Work in .Tapan." in The Far East for November 20. 18(17: Audsley, Ornamental Arts of Japan (London, 1HH5), con- tains an interesting detailed description of Jap- anese lacquer-work. LACRETELLE, la'kr'-tfl'. Je.
Charles
DoMiMijiK i)K, called le Jeune ( 17<i(!-lSo.5) . A French historian and publicist, born in Metz, the brother of Pierre Louis de Lacretelle. He was educated for the bar at Xancy. and went to Paris in 17S7, where he wrote for the Encyclo- pedie n>ithodi<iue and the Journal des Dibats, for which he reported the sessions of the Assem- bly. In 17110 be became secretary to the Duke of La Rochcfoucaidd-Liancourt. whom he assisted in promoting the King's attempted escape. Af- terwards he joined the army, and was one of the most prominent of the '.Jeunesse dorfe' ( q.v. ) . On account of his Royalist sj-mpathies he was imprisoned for about two years (1707-99). During this term he completed Rjtbaut Saint- Etienne's f'rcci.i de I'hinloire de hi Hirolution (ISOl-O(i). In 1S09 he was made professor of history at the University of Paris, a post he held until 184H. He was twice censor of the press — in LSIO under Xapoleon and in 1814 under Louis XVI 1 1. — and was made a member of the Academy in 1811. As an historian be is not suf- ficiently critical or impartial, but his works con- tain much that is interesting, from the personal part he played in the events he describes. They cover the period of the Revolution very thor- oughly, and include the following: Bisloire de Franee pendant le W'lUieme Steele (1808) ; His- toire de France pendant les giierres de relir/ion (1814-16) ; L'histoire de I'assemblee eonstituanle (1821) ; L'assemblee lir/islatire (1824) ; La con- vention nationale (1824-2.5) : Histoire de France depuis la Restaiiration (1829-3.5); Histoire du Consulat et de VF.mpire (184G): Dix annies d'epreuves pendant la Revolution (1842); and Testament philosopliique et littiraire (1840). LACRETELLE, Hexri t>e (181.5—). A French ])olitician and writer, son of the preced- ing, born in I'aris. He was eVcted Deputy for Saone-et-Loire in the National Assemblies of 1871, 1870. 1877, and every succeeding four years up to 1893: belonged to the Left Radical Party, opposed the Broglio fac- tion, and interested himself specially in edu- cation. His principal works are a volume of verse, entitled l.cs cloches (1841) ; Uona Carmen (1844); Xocturncs (184()); Contes de la mcri- dienne (1S59): La posic aux cheraiix (1861); Lamartine ct ses amis (1878) ; and the three-act play Fnis er i/ue dois (1856), in collaboration with M. Decourcelle, which was produce<l at the Theiltre Krancais. He was the friend of La- martine and the promoter of the George .Sand Memorial ( !87lil. LACRETELLE, Pierre Lotis de. called I'Aine ( 17.51-1824) . A French lawyer, politician, and ]iublicist. born in Metz. He studied law at Xancy. and later he came to Paris, where his jour- nalistic writings attracted the attention and friendship of such men as D'.Membert. Condor- cet. Tnrgot. MalesherU's. and others. His essays Lloge de Montausier (1781) and Uiscours sur le prcjuge des peines infamantes (1784) were wide- ly discussed. During the Revolution he was a member of the Assenit)ly, and was one of the chief advocates of the Constitution of 1791. He took little part in politics under Xapoleon's adminis- tration, but after the Restoration joined the party of opposition, and was part editor, with Constant, of tile Miiierre Franfaisc, later suppressed. His works include: 'De I'etablisscment des connais- saiires humaines et de I'instruction publique dans la constitution francaise (1791) ; Idee som- maire d'un grand travail sur la jx'cessiVt', I'objet et les ai'antages de I'instruction (1800); .1/t'- langes de philosophic et de litt^rature ( 1802-07) ; and Fragments politiques et litteraires (1817). LACROIX, hVkrwii', Francois, Viscount (17741842). A French general, born at Aymar- ques and educated at Montpellier. He saw active service when very young, won a victorj- over the Austrians at Friedberg ( 1796), and was a briga- dier-general when tiit twenty-seven years ohl. Since he could look for no prnniotion un<ler Bonaparte, who bore him enmity as a friend of Macdonald and Moreau. Lacroix sailed for Santo Domingo (1802). where he upheld the French st.indard, was created major-general, and won the good will of the negroes, who heljied him in his strife with the revolutionaries under Christophe. On his return to Europe he took part in the Belgian campaign during the Hundred Days, and in 1820 received connnand of the division which arrested the Grenolile insurrec- tion, whilc in 1823 be joined the Spanish expedi- tion, but retired the foilowing year. He published an important work, Mcmoires pour serrir d l'his- toire de la revolution de Saint Dominique (2 vols.. 1810-20). LACROIX, .Tean Bapti.ste Marie Albert I 1834— I . A Belgian author and editor, born in Brussels. He took a law course at the uni- ersity of that city, and became known through his i)rize essay. Influence de Shakespeare sur le theatre francais (18.55). In order to publish the works of his friends, socialist refugees from France; he set up a small printing establish- ment, and it was his enterprise that started the international library of Brussels, forerunner of those in Paris. Leipzig, and Lnuvain. He pub- lished editions of Lrs niisrrnhlrs (1862) and other works of Victor Hugo, of Quinet. Louis Blanc, Micbelet. and Charras. He got him- self into troible in Paris for his production of
