LAXTD. order of the House of Commons, conveyed to the lu«er. After being stripped of his honors, and exposed to many indignities and much injustice, lie was finally brought to trial before the House ul Lords, November 22, 1043, on a charge of trea- son and other crimes. The Lords, however, did not find him guilty; but the Commons had pre- viously- resolved on his death, and passed an ordinance for his execution. To this the L'pper House gave its assent; and, in "fepite of Laud's producing a royal pardon, he was beheaded, January 10, 1045. Laud had a genuine regard for learning, and enriched the University of Oxford, in the course of his life, with 1300 ilSS. in difl'erent European and Oriental languages. His writings are few. Wharton published his Diary in 1U94; and during 1857-60 Parker, the Oxford publisher, issued The M'orks of the Most Jtertrend Father in God, William Laud, D.D., sometime Lord Archhishop of Vaitlcrbuyi/. Con- sult his biography, by Benson (London, 1887; new ed. 18'J7) ; by Simpkinson (London, 1894) ; and by Hutton (London, 1885). LAU'DANUM (variant of ladaiium, from l.at. ludanuiii, Icdanuin, from Gk. Xridavoy, ICda- non, resinous juice or gum of a certain shrub, from Af/dov, Lcdon, mastich, from Pers. ladan, sort of sluub), or Tinxture of Opium. A lluid preparation of opium, made by macerating the sliced or powdered drug in alcohol and filtering the resultant. It is of a deep brownish-red color, and possesses the peculiar nutty odor and smell of opium. Formerly it was a preparation of un- ' certain strength, as there was no definite rule for compounding it. But the United State's Pharmacopeia of 1880 prescribed that it (to- gether with all other liuid preparations of opium except paregoric) should be made of such strength that ten minims of it should represent one grain of opium. It is a powerful analgesic and hypnotic, but it causes constipation, head- ache, and occasionally nausea. It is too fre- ■quently used as a domestic medicine for the relief of pain, especially in cases of cramps or diar- rhoea, when in the majority of cases a brisk cathartic should be used. To young children it must be given with extreme caution, as fatal results have followed a very small dose admin- istered to an infant for relief of supposed pain, or as a 'soothing" agency. The drug is used in ■widely varying doses in adults, according to the indications, as interpreted by the physician. See Antidote: Opium. LATJ'DER, RoDERT Scott (1803-G9). A Scotch historical and portrait painter. He was born near Edinburgh, .Tune 25, 1803; studied painting under the patronage of David Roberts and Sir Walter Scott at the Trustees' Academy, Edinburgh, and in London, after which he sijent live years in Italy. From 1838 to 1849 he re- sided in London, and after that time until his death, April 22, 18G9, in Edinburgh. His best works were scenes from Scott's novels. His "Christ Teaching Humility" was purchased by the Scottish Association for the Encouragement of Art, and placed in the Scottish National Gal- lery at Edinburgh, which also contains his "Sen- tinels." and two of his portraits. liAXTDEB, Sir Thomas Dick (1784-1848). A Scottish author, eldest son of Sir .Andrew- Lauder, sixth Baronet of Fountainhall, Hadding- tonshire, Scotland. For a short time ho served ) LAtTDEBDAXE. in the Seventy-ninth Itegiment (Cameron High- landers). On the death of his father, in 1820, he succeeded to the baronetcy. For several years he was secretary to the Board of Scottish Manufac- turers, and to the Board of White Herring Fish- ery. He became known as the author of several romances written in imitation of Scott: Simon Hoy (1817), Lochindhu (1825), and The Wolf of liadenoch (1827). The scenes of the last two are laid in Morayshire, just before the wars of Bruce. Later in life he published Highland Kambles and Legends (3 vols., 1837), and Leg- ends and Tales of the Highlands (3 vols., 1841). His only work now read is the Account of the Great Moray Floods of IS^'J (1830). This has survived for its graphic descriptions, its humor and pathos. He died May 29, 1848. A series of papers written during the last two years of his life for Tail's Magazine, and entitled Scottish Rivers, was edited with a preface by Dr. John Brown (Edinburgh, 1874). LAUDER, William ( ?-1771). A Scotch Lat- inist and impostor. He was educated at Edin- burgh University, and became a tutor, but was unsuccessful in several attempts to obtain a col- legiate appointment. He was a good Latin scholar, and published Poetarum Scotorum Musce SacrcB (2 vols., 1739), a collection of Latin poems by Arthur Johnston, Ruddiman, Ker, and others, the circulation of which, however, was damaged by Lauder's injudicious praise of Johnston. He went to London, where he supported himself by teacliing and literary work. In 1747 he com- menced the series of articles in the Gentleman's Magazine by which he is remembered, owing to his indictment of Milton for plagiarism. By his quotations and plausibility he deceived even Dr. Johnson, and received subscriptions for the pub- lication of an Essay on Miltoyi's Use and Imita- tions of the Moderns in His "Paradise Lost" (1750), to which Dr. Johnson wrote a preface and postscript. The publication of a more ex- tended work on the subject was arrested by .John Douglas, afterwards Bishop of Salisbury, who ex- posed Lauder's fraud in citing excerpts from Alexander Hog's Latin translation of Paradise Lost, as plagiarisms of Grotius, Masenius. Sta- phoristius, and others. Dr. Johnson obtained Lau- der's confession of the forgery, notwithstanding which Lauder continued his attack on Milton and published The (Irand Impostor: or King Charles I. Vindicated from the Charge of Pla- giarism Brought Against Him by Milton, and Milton Himself Conricted of Forgery (1754). Lauder was finally obliged to emigrate to Bar- bados, where he died in poverty. LAU'DEEDALE, James Maitland, eighth Earl of (1759-1839). A Scottish statesman and author, born at Ratho, Midlothian. He was ed- ucated at the University of Edinburgh, studied also at Trinity College. Oxford, and at Glasgow, read law at Lincoln's Inn. London, and became advocate in 1780. In that year he was also re- turned to the House of Commons for Newport. Cornwall. From 1784 to 1789 he sat for Malmes- burv, in 1787 was appointed a manager for the conduct of (he impeachment of Warren Hastings, and in 1790 was elected a representative peer of Scotland. While a member of the Commons, he spoke against the persons who were responsible for the American war. He was strongly opposed to the French war, and is said to have made his appearance in the Lords on
