LOGAN. 403 LOGAN. a member of the United States Senate from 1801 to 1S07. In 17U8, when our diplomatic relations vitli France were broken otl' and war seemed inevitable, he conceived the idea of visiting France and attempting in his ovra private capa- city to avert the threatened contlict. Accord- ingly, taking with liim letters from Jefferson and Governor McKean, he went to Paris, where he was well received by Talleyrand and other in- lluential Frenchmen, and succeeded in inducing the French Government _ to release American prisoners and annul the embargo on American shipping. But though he thus prepared the way for negotiations resulting in the reestablishment of peaceful relations, his action was looked npon as unwarrantable meddling by our Government ; the President and Cabinet refused to have any dealings with him, and he received what was in effect a severe rebuke from Washington, then commander-in-chief. To ]ireveut such action in the future. Congress shortly afterwards passed a law, called the "Logan Act,' which made it a misdemeanor for a person not properly accredited liy the Government to hold intercourse with a Inieigu Government in or<ler to influence its rela- lions with the United States. In 1810 Logan undertook, this time with the approbation of President Madison, a peace mission to England, but without success. He pulilished Experiments on Gi/psKin and Rotation of Crops (1797). LOGAN, James (1674-1751). An American colonial statesman and author. He was born at Lurgan, County Armagh. Ireland, and in 1609 came to America as the secretary of William I', nn. He entered the political life of the Penn- ■-. Ivania Colony, and rose high in its service, hold- ing, among various offices, those of Provincial Secretary, Chief Justice, and president of the Council: then for two years (1736-38). by virtue /if his oftice, he was acting Governor. In the field 'f science and literature his contributions were iisiderable. lie wrote both in Latin and Eng- li^li. and left translations of fireek and Latin au- thors. He was one of the founders of the Univer- sity of Pennsylvania, and bequeathed to the city of Philadelphia a library of more than two thou- sand volumes, which have been kept separate under the title of the Loganian Library. Among his works may be noted Expcrimerita dc Planfarum Oeneratlone and a translation of Cicero's De Sencctiite, printed by Benjamin Franlvlin and containing notes and a preface by him. LOGAN, John (c.l72n-SO). A famous Indian chief, the son of Shikellamy, a Cayuga chief noted for his friendship with the whites. His real (Indian) name was Tagahjute, but he was generally known by his English name, Logan, given to him in honor of James Logan. William Penn's secretaiy and a stea<lfast friend ^f the natives. For some time prior to his removal to the 'banks of the Ohio, abcnit 1770. he lived near Reedsville. Pa., hunting and trading with the set- tlers, and soon became Avell known on the Penn- sylvania and Vircinia frontier as a brave chief, always friendly to the whites. He also became exceedingly popular among the Indians, and about this time was chosen by the ^lingoes as their cliief. About this time, too. lip became much addicted to intemperance. In April. 1774, sev- eral whites, heniled by a man named Grenthouse, the keeper of a whisky shop, murdered nearly the whole of Logan's family in cold blood at Yellow Creek. Logan, frenzied by this blow, incited the already restive Indians forthwith to attack the whiles, and iu the brief war which ensued (see Dlnmoke's Wab) was himself con- spicuous for ferocity and cruelty, taking with his own hands as many as thirty scalps. He dis- dained to sue for peace along with the other cliiefs, after the battle of Point Pleasant (q.v.), anil instead sent to Lord Dunmore, by a trader named John Gibson, a message which is re- garded as one of the finest examples of Indian eloquence, though its authenticity has been called into question. Its charge against Captain Cresap is certainly false, and it undoubtedly owes much to subsequent changes and embellisiimcnts. Jef- ferson in his Xolcs cm Virginia quoted it (with modifications), and first directed general atten- tion to it. After Lord Dumnore's War Logan became more and more intemperate. Finally (1780), while in a drunken frenzy, he clubbed his wife, lied, attacked a baud of" Indians, and was killed by his nephew in self-defense. Con- sult Brantz- -Mayer, Tiiyahjuti, or Logan the Indian, and Captain Michael Cresap (Xew York, 1807). LOGAN, .John (174S-88). A Scotch divine and poet, liorn in ^lidlothian. He entered Edin- burgh University in 1762, was licensed as a preacher by the Presbj-tery of Haddington in 1770, and became minister of Leith in 1773. In 1779-80 and 178081 he delivered a series of historical lectures which were published in 1881 under the title Elements of the Philosophy of History. The same year he published a vohmie of verse, and in 1782 a lecture entitled An Essay on the Manners and Governments of Asia. This was followed in 1783 by the tragedy Runnamedc, which was performed at the Edinburgh Theatre. Logan's connection with the stage through this tragedy and a habit he had developed of using stimulants aroused opposition among his parish- ioners, so in 1786, though one of the most pop- ular preachers of his day, he resigned and went to London, where he devoted himself to literature. It has been claimed that his Ode to the Cuekoo, which Edmund Burke characterized as the most beautiful l.vric in the English language, was stolen from the papers of Jlichacl Bmce, a de- ceased friend, whose literary executor he was. But Small's investigations seem to have proved this contention groundless. Consult: British and Foreign Efangelical Review (1870), and Cham- bers's Eminent Scotsmen (Glasgow, 4 vols., 1847). LOGAN, Joiix Alexander (1826-86). An American soldier and political leader, born in Jackson County. 111., February 9, 1S2C. He at- tended Shiloh College for a time and received a limited education. At the outbreak of the war with Jlexico he enlisted as a private, and became quartermaster of his regiment, with the rank of first lieutenant. In 1852 he graduated at the Louisville University, and was afterwards ad- mitted to the bar. He was a member of the Illinois Legislature in 1852-53 and in 1856-57, was prosecuting attorney fnim 1853 to 1S57, and was elected to Congress in 1858 as a Douglas Democrat. He was reelected in 1860. but re- signed his seat in 1861 to enter the army. He was made colonel of the Thirty-first Illinois Volunteers, and led the regiment at Belmont. Fort Henry, and Fort Donelson; was wounded
