Mcdonald. 608 MACDOUGAl. There he remained until 1S81, maintaining with great independence and vigor, in spite of party uppositiun. his belief in sound money and a pro- tcelive tarilT. His inlluencc and popularity among Democrats in the .Middle AVest were for two <leeades probably greater than that of any other man of his times. MacDONALD, William (1863—). An American liistorian, born at Providence. K. I. He graduated at the Xew Kngland Conservatory of llusic in 1S84 and at Harvard in 18l»0. In" the interval he was dean of the nuisical department of the Universitj' of Kansas. ilacDonald was professor of history and economics at Worcester Polytechnic Institute (1892), and professor of liistory at Bowdoin until 1!)01, when he was chosen to a like chair in Br6vn University. He published: Select Dociiiiuiits Illuslrative of the History of the United tiltilis (1898); .Select Cliiirlrrs (1899) ; and The Government of Maine (1902). MACDON'ELL, Alexander (1762-1840). The lirsl Konian Catholic Bishop of Upper Can- ada, born in the County of Inverness. Scotland. He was educated in Paris and at the Scots Col- lege, V'alladolid, Spain: entered the priesthood (1787), and was for several years a missionary to his native land in the Lochaber country. Through his influence, the first Roman Catholic regiment since the Keformation was enlisted, named the Glengarry Fencibles, and he was its chaplain in Great Britain, and afterwards the organizer of a colony for its disbanded members ( ISO.'i) in Glengarry County. (.)ntario. where thcv were granted lUO.OOO acres "of land. Father Mae- doncll assisted in raising the Canadian regiment of Glengarry Fencibles which played .so gallant a part against the American invaders during the war of 1812-14, and he was consecrated Apostolic Viear of Upper Canada (1820). His headquar- ters were at Kingston from 1820, but he was in- strumental in the building of forty-.eight churches throughout the province. He "died in Great Britain, while soliciting contributions toward the foundation of a seminary in his see, and his body was buried in the Kingston Cathedral in 1861. MACDONELL, Arthur Anthony (18.54—). An F-nglisli Orientalist. He was educated at Gottiiigen and at Corpus Christi College (O.v ford), where he was Taylorian German .scholar (1876). Davis Chinese 'scholar (1877), Boden Sanskrit scholar (1878), teacher of Cn^rman (18S0-99), deputy professor of Sanskrit (188S- 99). and then Boden professor of Sanskrit. Mac- donell made especial study of the Vcdic period. He wrote: A Sanskrit (lriimm<ir (1886; revised 1901); A Sanskrit English Divtioniirii (1893); A Historji of Sanskrit Literature (1900); and "Vedic Jlythology" (1897), in Biihler, anindriss der iiidd-iiriseluii I'hilolo(/ie. McDONOGH, m;lk-don'o, John (1779-18.50). An American jihilanthropist, born in Baltimore. In 1800 he settled in Xew Orleans, where he soon became one of the wealthiest citizens. About 1822. having become convinced of the wrongs of slavery, he adopted a system of paying his slaves wages, thus enabling them to l)uy'tlipir freedom. T'pon his death in 1850 the greater part of his fortune of more than .$2,000,000 was left to be divided equally between the cities of Baltimore and New Orleans for purposes of public educa- tion. Years of litigation followed, but the wiK was finally sustained. Baltimore devoted its share to establishing the McDonogh School ; Xew Orleans has used its share in connection with its public school system. MACDONOUGH, mak-don'6, Tho.mas (1783- 1825). An American naval ollicer, prominent in the War of 1812, and frequently referred to :i-. 'The Hero of Lake Champlain.' He was born at The Trap])e (now Macdonough ) . Del., of Scotch- Irish descent; entered the United States Xavy as a midshipman in 1800; served on the Cuiistclluliou under Commodore Aiurray. in ISO 1 -02; and in 1803 started for Tripoli in" the I'hiladetphia, Com- modore Bainbriiige, but at Gibraltar was placij in charge of a captured Moorish frigate, and tliii- escaped capture and imprisonment at the hainU of the Tripolitans when the Philadeljihia ran aground on Xovember 1, 1803. He was sul>sr quently attached to the Enterprise, Commodore Decatur, and was one of the seventy men who. on February 16. 1804, entered the harbor of Tri])uli under Decatur and captured and destroyed thi- Philadelphia. For this .service he was mad. a lieutenant in May, 1804, and soon aftci wards earned special mention for his gal lantry in the bombardment of Tripoli. He served successively on the Enterprise, the Sr/rcn. the ir«*7), the Jolin Adams, and the Esse.r. and in 1810 was furloughed and commanded the Giillirer, a vessel in the merchant service. In thi- War of 1812 he served for a short time as fir>l lieutenant on the ('oiistilution, and connnanded the Portland Station for several months, and in •September, 1812, he was placed in command of the United States naval force on Lake Champlain. In the following year he was promoted to be master commander, and in Plattsburg harbor on Sunday, September 11, 1814, with a fleet of 14 vessels, carrying 86 guns and about 800 men, he completely defeated a British fleet of 10 vessels, carrying 95 guns and about 1000 men under Capt. George Downie. For tliis victory he was commissioned captain, then the highest rank in the United States Navy, and received a gold medal from Congress and an estate on Cumber- land Head, near Plattsburg, from the Legislature of Vermont. He subsequently until his death commanded various vessels, and went on various cruises, the last of which was to the Mediter- ranean as commander of the Constitution in 1824. He died in the following year while returning to the United States. MACDOUGAL, mfik-doiS'gal, Sir Patrick LEOXARn (1819-94). A British soldier and mili- tary writer, born at Boulogne-sur-Mer, France. He studied at the Military Academy in Edin- burgh, and later at the Royal Military College at Sandhurst. In 1844 he went to Canada as cap- tain in the Royal Canadian Rifle Regiment, and remained there ten years, rising to the rank of brevet lieutenant-colonel before he was recalled to England in 1854. The next year he was sent to the Crimea, where he was promoted and deco- rated for his services. In 1865 he was appointed adjutant-general of Canadian militia, and at the time of the Fenian invasion (1806) devi.sed a very eflicient method of organizing his troops He returned to England in 1869, but in 1878 wa- again sent to Canada as commander of the British forces, and during a time of tension be- tween Great Britain and Russia, ofl'ered to raise 10,000 disciplined Canadian volunteers, thus es-
