OSEL. 130 OSHIMA. the Gulf of Riga (Map: Russia, B 3). It has an area of 'Mo squaif iiiilcs. It is irregular in outline, with a Ion}; and narrow peninsula ex- tendinj; southward toward the JJoniesnas of Courland, and its coasts are indented with numerous small bays, oH'ering, however, few harbors. The surface is undulating, in parts marshy and but sparsely forested. The soil is not unfertile, and the climate is mild enough to [lermit the cultivation of all tlic common cereals, including wheat. The chief occupations of the inhabitants are agriculture, fisheries, and the rearing of cattle and horses. The population, including that of some small dependent islands, was. in 1897, 50.809, chieHy Esthonians. The principal town is Arensburg. on the southeast coast, with a population, in 1897, of 4021. Oescl was occupied by the Knights Swordbcarers early in the thirteenth century, and when their power was broken it was sold in 15;)9 liy its bishop to Denmark. In 104.5 it was ceded to Sweden, and in 1721 it came into the possession of Russia. OS'GOOD, Frances Sargent (Locice) ( 1811- 50). An American poetess, born in Boston. When but a girl she contributed poems to the "Juvenile MLscellany" of Lvdia Maria Child and won some reputation, which slie increased by other poems and by editorial work. In 18;!") slie married Samuel S. Osgood, a por- trait painter, and visited England, where she published among other works a collection of poems called ".V Wreath nf Wild Flowers from Xew England" (18.39). and a play written at the request of Sheridan Knowles, "The Hapi)y Re- lea.se. or The Triumphs of Love." A Memorial by friends, with an account of her life by Gris- wold, was printed in Xew York in 1851. A com- plete illustrated edition of her poems appeared in 1850. OSGOOD, George Laurie (1844—). An Ameriian nuisician and director. He studied voice-culture under Siel)er, ITaupt. and Robert Franz in Germany, and under Lamperti in Italy. Largely through the success he had acliievcd in Germany, Tbeo<lore Thomas engaged him for a winter tour in America. In 1872 he took up his residence in Boston as a vocal teacher, and three years later became conductor of the Boylston Club. In 1890 he also took charge of the Boston Singers' .Society. His anthems, choruses, part songs, and songs are well known. He published a Guide in the Art of Singing, which was favor- ably received. OSGOOD, .Samtei. (174S-1S13). An Ameri- can soldier and politician, liorn in Andover, Mass. After graduation at Harvard College (1770), ill health compelled him to exchange a mercan- tile c.Treer for the theological studies already undertaken. Hnving been a delegate to the Essex County (Mass.) Convention (1774), and active in the Provincial Congress, in 1775 he served as captain of minute-men at Lexington and Concord. For a short time he was aide to General Artenias Ward, but left the army to reenter the Provincial Congress. From 1780 to 1784 he was a member of the Continental Con- gress, and from 1785 to 1789 first Commissioner of the I'nited States Treasury. He was later Postmaster-fJeneral. Speaker of the Xew York Assembly. State supervisor, and naval officer of New York port. OSGOOD, Samuel (1812-80). An American clergyman, born at Charlestown, Mass. He was graduated at Harvard College in 1832, and at the Cambridge Divinity School in 1835. In 1830-37 he edited the Western Messenger at Louisville, Ky. In 1837 he became pastor of the Unitarian Church at Nashua, X II., in 1841 of the Westminster Church in Providence. R. I., and in 1849 of the Church of the Messiah in Xew York. In 1850-54 he was editor of the Christidn Infjiiirer in Xew York. In 1870 he entered the Protestant Episcopal Church, but took no pas- toral charge. He was the author of Htudies in ChristiuH liiographi/ (1851); Hod with Men (1853); The Hearthstone (1854); Milestones in Our Life Journey (1855) ; Student Life (1800) ; American Leaves (1807) ; translations from 01s- hausen's The lliston/ of the I'assiun (1839), and De Wette's Human Life (1842). OSH, 6sh. A town in the Territory of Fer- ghana, Russian Turkestan, situated about GO miles east of Margclan. It consists of the old native town and the new Russian settlement, and is of some im])ortance in the trade with China. Population, in 1897, 30,474, including over 34,000 Mohammedans. O'SHAUGHNESSY, d-shn'ne-sl, or 6-shaK'. ne-si, Arthur William Edgar (1844-81). An English poet, born in London, IMarch 14, 1844. In 1801 he was appointed assistant in the library of the British ^Museum ; two years later ho was transferred to the department of natural history, a ]>ost which he held till his death. .January 30, 1881. His verse comprises The Epic of Women and Other I'oems (1870); Ijoys of France ( 1872), based upon the lais of Marie de France; Music and Mooyilifiht (1874); and Songs of a Worker (posthumous, 1881). The first volume especially contains pieces of great beauty. O'Shaughnessy belonged to the XeoRomantic School more completely represented by William Morris and Swinburne. In 1873 he married Eleanor, daughter of Westland Marston. She died in 1879. In collaboration with lier he wrote Toi/land (1875), a collection of tales for children. Consult Moulton. O'Shaughnessy, Ilis Life and His Work (London and Chicago, 1894). OSHAWA, osh'a-wa. A port of Ontario County, Ontario. Canada, on Lake Ontario and on the Grand Trunk Railway, 33 miles northeast of Toronto and O'.j miles east of Whitby (Map: Ontario, E 4). It has iron foundries and fac- tories, tlour mills, etc. Population, in 1891, 4000; in 1901, 4394. O'SHEA, A-sha', Michael Vincent (1806—). An American educator, born at LeRoy. N. Y. He graduated at Cornell LTniversity in 1892, taught for three years in the Mankato (Jlinn.) Xormal School, and. after serving as professor of education in the Buffalo Teachers' College, in 1897 was appointed to a like chair in the Uni- versity of Wisconsin. He became prominent in university extension work and as a lecturer on pedagogy'. His publications include: Aspects of Mental Economy (1900) ; and. in a series under his editorial charge. Education as Adjustment (1903). and Education for Efficieney : Cha /iters on Method and Management in Teaching (1903). OSHIMA, o'she-mii' (Jap., Big Island). The name of at least twenty places in Japan. The two most important are: (1) The most northerly of the "Seven Islands of Idzu," which stretch
