PRUTZ. 498 PRYOK. in the work Aus Ph-iinuwn {187G). In 1877 he became professor at the University of Kijiaigsberg, and after havinj,' resigned his eliair, owing to a disease of the eye, setth'd in Jlunieh in VMi. His I)riuuipal worlis inelude: Hcinrich der Liiwe (1805); Kaiser Fricdrich I. (1871-74); Kul- lurgeschiclUc der Kreuzeiige (1883) ; ti laatetuje- achichlc des Ahendlandes im Uittelaller (1885- 87) ; Enlw-ickhiny und Untcrgang dcs Tempelher- rcn-Ordens (1888) ; A its des grossen Kurfiiristcn letztcn Jahrcn (1897); and Preussliche (Ic- schirhie ( 1890-1002) , in whieli he placed him- self in opposition to the delineation of Prussian history as inspired by patriotic tendencies. PRUTZ, Robert (1816-72). A German poet and historian of literature. He was born at Stettin, and studied pliilology, philosophy, and history in lierlin, Hreslau, and lialle. Prutz boldly ailvocated liberal ideas in science, religion, and politics, and incurred the dislilie of the Government in consequence. In 1849, however, mainly as a result of the popularity of his free lectui-es, he was appointed professor of literature at the University of Halle, and soon had a large following of liberal-minded students, but was so harassed by the Government that lie resigned in 18.')0, and retired to his native jilaee. where he devoted himself enlirely to literary imrsuits. Besides several volumes of poems, notably Aks der Hcimat (18.'58), Atts goldenen Tagen ( 1801), Eerhstrosen (1865), HHmmen der Liebe (1868), he wrote a sparkling comedy, Die poliiische Woehenstuhe (1843), several dramas, and the novels Das FJiigclchcn ( 1851 ) , Der Musikaiiten- turm (1S55) , Oberndorf ( 1862) , and others. His writings on literary subjects, which are more im- portant, include: Der Giittingcr Dichtcrbuiid (1841); (ic.icliichte des deutschen Tlwalers (1847); Gcscltlchte des deulschen Jourinilismus (1845) ; Die deutsclic Litteratur der Gegenwart (ISM)); Ludung Uolberg, sein Leben und seine Hehriften (1853); translations of Holberg's selected comedies ( 1 868 ) ; and Mcnsehcn und Biichcr, biogi-ajiliischc licitriige sur deutschen Lit- tenitur und 8it1.engescliich1e dcs IS. Jahr- hundcrts (1862). Consult Gottschall, in Unserc Zcil (Leipzig, 1872). PRYDZ, pruts, Alvilde (1850—). A Nor- wegian novelist. 81ie was born near Frederilcs- hald, in Southern Norway. In 1880 she gained some .attention bv the story Agn oq Agnar (1880). After the publication of / UoU (1885) she received a Government stipend and traveled in Denmark, Germany, Switzerland, and Italy. Jlention should be made of Undcrvejs (1889); Arnak (1892); Driim (1893); Bcllis (1895); Gunvor Thorsdatter til Havro, translated into German in 1897 (1895); ,^;/lvia (1898^; and sketches of travel in the form of fiction. Blade (isns). PRYNNE, He.ster. The heroine of Haw- thorne's Hearlet Letter, condemned for her sin to wear on her breast the badge which gives the title to the romance. PRYNNE, William (1600-69). An English political polemist and annalist. He was bnrn near Path, where he received his early education, afterwards proceeding to Oriel College. Oxford, where he took his bachelor's degree in 1621. He early became involved in ecclesiastical contro- versy, and speedily made himself heard as a champion of the Puritan party in various pamphlets directed against Arminianism. In 1632 appeared his Hislriunnistix, or a Hcourye fur hSlugci)lagrrs, an attack on the ])opular amusements of the period, which contained pre- sumedly veiled attacks on the King and Queen. He was imprisoned in the Tower, imderwent prosecution in the Star Chamber, was sentenced to a fine of £5000, degradation from his degrees, and expulsion from Oxford and Lincoln's Inn, the loss of both his ears in the |)illorv, and to have his book burnt in public by the hangman. He was also condeuuied to perpetual iniprison- nient, and was reimprisoned in the Tower. Three years after, he found means to iniblisli from his prison another ])amphlet, in which he fiercely attacked the hierarchy, and was unsparing in his abuse of Laud and other bishops. For this he was again prosecuted, another fine of £.5000 was imposed, he was again pilloried, losing such stumps of ears as the executioner had before spared, and was branded on both checks wiUi the letters S.L. — seditious libeler — Avhich he in- geniously interpreted as 'stigmata Laudis.' He remained a close pri.soner till in 1640 — the Long Parliament then sitting — he was released by a warrant of the House of Commons, and was received in London with loud exiiressions of popular sympathy. Shortly afterwards he Avent to Parliament as member for New])ort, Cornwall, and in 1647 was elected recorder of Bath. For some years he was actively and at times promi- nently engaged on the popular side in the pro- ceedings of the House of Commons. In the extreme measures, however, leading to the deposition and death of the King, he declined all shai'e; and being one of those whom Cromwell sliortly after expelled from the House of Coin- mcms, he proceeded to assail him in print with an asperity equal to that with which he had before made war upon the bishops, in return being again subjected to several years' imprison- ment. On Cromwell's death he returned to his place in Parliament, zealously interesting him- self in the royal cause; after the Kestoration, the olliee was bestowed on him of kcejicr of the records in the Tower, in the words of Charles II., "to keep busy Mr. Prvnne quiet." His passion for |)amplileteering, however, again in- volved him in dilliculties with the House of ■ Commons, from which, on a charge of seditious libel, he escaped expulsion only l>y confession of errcn' and recantation. Henceforth he busied himself ehielly as a compiler of matter illus- trative of constitutional and Parliamentary his- tory. Of his works, which comprise nearly two hundred volumes, the most valuable are the Calendar of Parliamentary Writs, and his Rec- ords. He died at Lincoln's Inn, October 24, 1669. PRYOR, pri'or, Roger Atkinson (1828—). An American journalist and lawyer. .He was born near Petersburg, in Dinw-iddie County. Va., graduated at Hampden-Sidney College in 1845, and at the University of Virginia in 1848, and studied law. He became editor of the i^oiifhside Democrat at Petersburg, and in 1854 he was called to Washington to edit the Washinglnii Union, the principal organ of the Pierce Admin- istration in the capital. In 1855 he was sent to Greece on a special diplomatic mission, an in 1856 he became editor of The Rirhmon En(iiiircr. one of the most influential papers in the South. In 1857 he established at Richmond
