PUSHKIN. 564 PUTNAM. Boston, 1888) ; Prose Tales, by T. Kcane (New York, ISDO) ; Tmnshiliuns from I'uslikin, in iiii-muiy of tile one liuniiri'dtli imniveisiuy of the poet's bill liday, by C K. I'urncr (Saint I'ctcrs- bni;,', ISD'J) ; Jt'ttssiiiii Uoiiiiiiicc, by ills. J. li. IVlfer (London, 1875). In Ueliiian: dcUwhte, two volumes, by liodensteilt, in (Jcsuinmeltv JHcliriflen, vols. iV. and v. ( KHOo-tii)) . Consult Placli, Un grand poi'te russe (Paris, 1894). PUSH'TU. See Afghan. PUSS IN BOOTS. The popular nursery tale of I he fleviT cat, which secures a fortune and a inincess for his master, a young miller, who ])asses under the name of the .Manjuis of Carabas. The storj' was told by I'errault as "Le Chat Bott<5," in his Vuiilrs dc Fees '(1097). He found it in Straparola's I'Uiccvole Xotte, translated in 1585, in which the hero is called "Conslaiiline's Cat." A celebrated German version is Tieck's Der nislirf, lir hull r. PUSS-MOTH. A iiamc' in England of fV)-»ra -viniila, a notodontid moth common throughout Europe and Northern and Western Asia. It ex- ])ands from 2 to 2..'; inches; llie fore wings are white suffused with gray and with dull dark-gray transverse lines; the thorax is sp(jU«Ml with black. The larva f<'eds on poplar and willow and discharges an acrid lluid from an opening in the tliroat. At the end of the body the caterpillar has a pair of tubes in which are concealeil two long flexible whips which may be rapidly thrust out and withdrawn (.see Plate of IIutticuI'LIE.s AND MoTii.s, Fig. 14), and which are supposed to protect the larva from its natural enemies, as are also the terrifying altitudes which it as- .sunies and the secretion which it ejects. When full grown it spins a solid and impervious coeoon. PUSTULE, Malignant. See Malignant I'rsni.i;; Antiiuax. PUTEAUX, pu'tcV. A town in the Depart- ment of Seine. I'rance, CVi miles west of the centre of Paris by rail (Map: Paris and vicinity). It is situated northeast of and at the base of Mont Valerien, on the left bank of the Seine, opposite the Bois dc Boulogne, with which it is connected by a bridge which crosses the lie de Puteaux. It is a favorite residential suburb of Paris. It lias dye and calico-jirinting works, manufactures ■of chemical products, and artillery works. Popu- lation, in 1901, 24.341. PUTIGNANO, pnn'ti'-nyii'n.'i. A town in the Province of Bari, Italy, 23 miles southeast of Bari (Map: Italy, M 7). The chief industry is weaving, and there is a trade in wine, oil, and fruit. Population (commune), in 1901, 13,9G9. PUTLITZ, put'llts, Ou.sTAV IIei.nuicii Gans, Edler V(jn and zu (1S2I-9(I), A German drama- tist and novelist, born .March 20, 1S21. at Ret- zin, Brandenburg, lb- studied law in J5erlin and Heidelberg. From lS4(i to 1S4.S he was a func- tionary in the Government of .Magdeburg, and thereafter he lived partly on his estate at Retzin. ])artly in Berlin. In 1803 he became- director of the Court Theatre in Schwerin: from lSfi7 to 1808 he was Court marshal of the Prussian Crown Prince, after which he devoted himself to literature, dwelling in Berlin. Between 1S73 and 18S9 he managed the Court Theatre in Karlsruhe. Among his works are the poetic fairy stories llV/.s sich der M'ald erziihlt (18.'>fl), Walptirpis (1809), and ]'crr/issmciitnichl (1853) ; two plays much read in American schools, liadckuren and Uas Uerz vcryesseii; and the dramas Uas Testa- ment des (Irossen Kurfurslen (iMo.S) and llidf Uenidl (1881). Consult (liisttie ,ch I'litlitz, ein Lebcnsbild, by his widow, Elisabeth (Berlin, 1894-95). PUT'NAM. A city and one of I lie c<mnty seats of iiidham County, Conn., 34 miles iiorili of Ninwich, and 2S miles west by north of Providence, R. 1.. on the Quinebaug River, and at the junction of the New York, New Haven and Hartford and the Norwich and Worcester rail- roads (Map: Connecticut, 11 2). It has a public library and the Day Kimliall Hospital. The Caigill Falls in the vicinity are of scenic in- terest. Putnam is situate<l in an agricultural region, but is interested chielly in iron-winking and in the manufacture of cotton and uuoleu goods, silks, boots and shoes. The goveriiineiit is vested in a maj'or, elected biennially, and a unicameral council. Putnam was incorporated in 1855 and obtained its present city charter in 189."). l'ci|mlation, in 1900, 0007. PUTNAM, Fkkuekic Waki> (1839—). An American anthropologist, born in Salem, Mass. In 1850 he was curator of ornithology in Essex Institute (Salem), and published a Ijist uf the Hirds of Essex Vuunti) ; and in the same year he entered Lawrence Scienlilie School and took a special course under Louis Agassiz, to whom he was assistant until 1804. He was in charge of the Rluseum of Essex Institute from 1804 to 1807, then su|)erintendent of the East India MariiK! Society. ;iiiil afterwards director of the Peabody Academy (if Sciences. He was instructor in the School of Natural History on Penikese Island in 1874, and in the same year was a])- pointed assistant in the Kentucky Geological Survey. In 1S75 he was made curator of the Peabody Museum of Arelneology and Ethixdogy of Harvard University, and was afterwards ap- pointed Peabody |)rofessor of American archa;- ology and ethnology. He was chief of the De- ])artment of Elliiiobigy of the World's C'olumliian Ex|)osition and in 1894 he became curator of an- thro]](dogy in the American Museum of Natural History of New York City. His researches in American Archaology covered a wide field, in- cluding extensive explorations in Ohio, where he was instrumental in having the (ireat Serpent .Mound preserved, and in New Jersey. He orig- inated the A'atiiralist's Directory in 1805, and was one of the founders of the American Nat- uralist in 1807. and in 1898 he was president ot the .American Association for the Advancement of Science. PUTNAM, GicouGE Palmer (1814-72). A graniliii'phi'w of Israel Putnam, and a New York ])ul)lisher. He was born in Brunswick. -Me.. Feb- ruary 7, 1814. At fourteen he entered the bookstore of D. and .1. Leavitt, New York. In 1840 he became partner in the house of Wiley & Putnam, of which he established a London branch in 1841. In 1848 he returned to New York and founded the publishing house which later became the firm of G. P. Putnam's Sons. Bookmaking interested him as an art from the beginning. In 1852, with the aid of George William Curtis, he established I'lilnam's Maga- zine (dLscontinued in 1857. revive<l 1800-70). In 1801 he organized the Loyal Puldication Society, suspended his business for three years (1803-06)
