QUEEN ANNE'S WAR. 606 QUEEN'S COLLEGE. neutral, the Fi-cncli decided it would be wisest not 1o attack Xew York. At first the Xew Eng- land Indians also promised Governor Dudley that they would remain neutral, but in a few weeks they broke their promise, and, in conjunction with the French, ravaged the whole New England frontier. On March 1, 1704, a party of French and Indians under Hertel de Rouville captured the town of Deerlield. killed about 50 of the in- habitants, and carried 112 into captivity". In August, 1708, the town of Haverhill, on the Merrimae, suffered a like fate. The British col- onists in 1704 and again in 1707 attempted, but ■vitliout success, to capture Port Royal in Acadia. In 1709 a grand expedition against Canada was planned, but the non-arrival of an expected Eng- lish fleet caused the plan to miscarry. In Sep- tember of the following year six English vessels, with thirty from New England and four New England regiments, sailed from Boston, and after a short siege Port Royal was compelled to capitu- late. In honor of the Queen the place was re- named Annapolis. Encouraged by this victory, the English again planned the conquest of Canada. One expedition was to march from Albany and at- tack Jlontreal ; another and the more important, the nucleus of which consisted of fifteen English ships of war, forty transports, and seven battal- ions of JIarlborough's veterans, was to operate against Quebec. The fleet, reinforced by many colonial vessels, sailed from Boston on July 30, 1711, but on the night of August 2'2d eight ves- sels and about a thousand men were lost upon the rocks of the Egg Islands in the Saint Lawrence. Discouraged by this event, the incompetent com- mander. Sir Hovenden Walker, gave up the at- tempt, and the whole campaign ended in a mis- erable failure. The remainder of the struggle was marked merely by border raids, and no im- portant operations were imdertaken by either side. In 1713 the War of the Spanish Succes- sion was brought to a close by the Peace of ITtrecht, but hostilities with the Indians con- tinued for some time longer. So far as the terms of the treaty concerned North America, the French gave up the territory around Hudson Bay, and surrendered all claim to sovereignty over Newfoundland, although they retained the privilege of drying fish on the west coast. Acadia was also ceded to England, but the French were allowed to keep Cape Breton, with the right to fortify it. Consult: the Massuchu.ietts Histor- ical Oollection.s ; the Massachusetts Historical Society Proccrdinqs ; Church, Entertaining Pas- socles' (Boston, 1716) ; The Redeemed Captive (Boston, 1707; North,ampton, 1853), by Rev. John Williams, one of the prisoners taken at Deerfield; Drake, The Border Wars of Netv Eng- land (New York, 1897) ; and Parkman, A Half- Centuni of Conflict (Boston, 1892; later ed. 1807).' QUEEN CHARLOTTE (shiir'lot) IS- LANDS. A group of islands oft' the coast of British Columbia, 130 miles northwest of Van- couver Island (Map: Canada, D 6). Area, 5100 square miles. They are mountainous, rising to a height of 5000 feet, except Graham Island, the largest and northernmost, which is chiefly a roll- ing plain. All of them are densely forested, and' the climate is very humid. They are inhabited by the remnants of the Haida (q.v. ) tribe, and a few white settlers, chiefly engaged in fishing. QUEEN CHARLOTTE SOUND. The north- ern part of the channel separating Vancouver Island (q.v.) from the mainland. QUEEN CITY, or Queen of the West. A popular name of Cincinnati, Ohio. Buffalo, New- York, is called the Queen Ciin of the Lakes; and Sydney. Australia, the Oiictn City of the Soufhl QUEEN CONCH. A local name in the West Indies for one of the large helmet shells {Cassis ca7neo) extensively used for cameo-cutting (see C.VMEo). the under layer giving a deep claret-col- ored background to the white design carved in the superficial layers. QUEEN-FISH, or White Croaker. A small sci.Tnid fish {lieripltus jiolitus) of the southern part of California, which is common on sandy shores, is about a foot in length, and is an excellent pan-fish. It is bluish aliove and bright silvery lielow. with the fins briglit yellow. QUEEN OF THE ADRIATIC. A name given to Venice on account of its situation and its, early im]>ortance in the commerce of the East. QUEEN OF THE ANTILLES. Cuba, so called because of its natural beauties and ad- vantages. QUEEN'S BENCH. See King's Bench. QUEENSBERRY, John Sholto Douglas, Marquis of (1844-1900). An English patron of sport. He succeeded his father as marquis in ; 1858, served in the army from 1859 to 1864, and j was a representative peer for Scotland from ■ 1872 to 1880. He became best known as a patron of sparring. He was one of the founders of the Amateur Athletic Club in 1800, and in 1867 took part in drawing up the rules bearing the name of 'Queensberry rules.' See Pugilism. QUEENS'BERRY, William Douglas, fourth Duke of ( 1724-1810) . A British rake and sports- man, known as 'Old Q.' He was notorious for his shameless excesses. As Earl of March he was Vice-Admiral of Scotland from 1767 to 1776, and inlierited the title of Duke, with a large fortune, in 1778. He is chiefly remembered through the poems written in his dishonor by Burns and Wordsworth. In Thackeray's Virginians he ap- pears as the Earl of March. QUEENSBERRY PLOT. A supposed Jacob- ite plot in Scotland in 1703, revealed, it was claimed, through the relations of the Duke of Queensberry with the notorious Lord Lovat (q.v.). QUEEN'S COLLEGE. A college at Cam- bridge. England. It was founded in 1448 by Queen Margaret of Anjou, consort of Henry VI.. replacing a foundation called the College of Saint Bernard, established two years earlier by her hiisband. The new foundation was known as Queen's College of Saint Margaret and Saint Bernard, but was refounded by Elizabeth Woodville, consort of Edward IV., under its present name. The site was given by Richard Andrew of Cambridge, and the endowment chiefly gathered by the first mas- ter, Andrew Doket. Recently the college has had an enrollment of about eighty undergraduates and it presents to eight livings. The buildings, which preserve their early character, are among the most interesting in the university. The librarv contains about 30,000 volumes. Queens'
