TENEMENT HOUSE PROBLEM. 12G TENIEBS. in 1903 it opened IV-i acres between Hester and Division streets, with playgrounds and public conveniciK-fs in tlie heart of one of the most crowded nrt-as in the world. The results of the work (lone by the Tenement House Commission of laOO have' been substantial. Under the new law, new tenements may not cover more than 70 per cent, of the lot's area, and discretionary power to mitigate this restriction has been taken from the Building Department. The old form of air shaft is no longer legal in new tenements, open courts being required instead. Encourage- ment is given to tenement building on wider units than the 25-foot lot; provisions for sanita- tion and for protention against fire are improved, and, above all, a special Tenement House Depart- ment has been created to enforce the law concern- ing old liouses as well as new. New York's tran- sit question is yet far from solved, but progress is making. Tremendous as the city's tenement prob- lem is, the outlook for the near future is en- couraging. BiBLioijRAPiiy. United States Commissioner of Labor, Eir/hth Special Report ("The Housing of the Working People") (1895) ; Seroiih Spe- cial Report (The Slums of Great Cities") 0894) ; Shaw, Municipal Government in Great Britain (New York, 1895) ; id.. Municipal Gov- enimenf in Continental Europe (ib., 1895) ; Eaf- falovich, Le logement cle I'ouvrier (Paris, 1887) ; Reynolds, "Housing of the Poor in American ■Cities," American Economic Association (1893) ; Eiis, Hoin the Other Ealf Lives (New York, 1890) ; id., A Ten Years' M'ar (ib., 1899) ; Re- ports of New York's Tenement Commissions of 1884, 1894, and 1900: Veiller, Tenement Reform in A'eip York (New York, 1900) ; Hunter. Tene- ment Conditions in Chicago (Chicago, 1901) ; Masterman and others. The Heart of the Empire (London, 1902) : De Forest and others. Housing Problems, American Academy of Political and Social Science Publications (Philadelphia, 1902). TENERANI, ta'nfi-ni'ne, Pietro (1789-1809). An Italian sculptor, born at Torano. near Car- rara. He was a pupil of Canova and later of Thorwaldsen, to whom he became a favorite as- sistant. He resided almost altogether at Rome, was professor in the Academy of San Luca, and held the post of director of all the museums and galleries of that city. His works are fair and soft in form, and smooth in execution. His "Psyche and Pandora's Box." in the Palazzo Lenzoni, Florence; a large relief of the "Deposition from the Cross," in "the Lateran : an "Angel of the Resurrection," in Santa ^Maria sopra Minerva: and the tomb of Pius VIII. in Saint Peter's are among the best of his sculptures. Other speci- mens are lo be found in many Italian churches and cemeteries. He executed a statue of Bolivar for Colombia, South America. TEN'ERIFFE' (Sp. Tenerife) . The largest of the Canary Islands (q.v.), situated a little west of the centre of the group, between the isl- ands of Palma and Gran Canaria (Map: Spain, F 5). Area. 782 square miles. It consists of a nearly circular main portion from which a peninsula projects toward the northeast. The latter consists of ancient, much eroded, and for- est-covered mountains, while the main portion rises into the magnificent Peak of Teneriffe or Pico de Teyde. a dormant volcano 12,192 feet high. The base of this enormous cone consists of pasture land interspersed with forests of chestnut and oak, but the upper slopes, which are steep and difficult of ascent, are covered with volcanic scoria-, while the summit is capped with snow in winter. The last serious eruption of the volcano occurred in 1704. The climate is mild and healthful, and dates, cocoanuts, and other tropical and northern fruits are culti- vated, as well as grain, cotton, sugar, and grapes. Population, in 1887, 109,417; in 1900, 137.302. The capital of the island, as well as of the whole archipelago, is Santa Cruz de Tenerife (q.v.). TENES'MUS (Neo-Lat., from Lat. tenesmos, from Gk. Tii.veaij.bi, teinesmos, a straining at stool, from relpuv, teinein, to stretch, strain). Pain referred to the rectum or bladder, due to the spasmodic contraction of the sphincter ani or sphincter vesicae, and associated with an un- successful desire to evacuate the bowels or blad- der. Rectal tenesmus is a constant symptom of dysentery (q.v.), and may accompany hemor- rlioids, fissure, fistula, or malignant disease of the lower part of the rectum. Causes of vesical tenesmus are chiefly cystitis (q.v.) and pressure on the bladder. Treatment will depend on the disease of which tenesmus is a symptom, but cold or hot applications, enemas containing lauda- num, or suppositories of opium, cocaine, bella- donna, or hyoscyamus will relieve the pain. TENIERS, tf-nerz', Fr. pron. te-nya', David, the Khk-r (1582-1649). A Flemish'genre and landscape painter, born at Antwerp, pupil of his brother Julian (1572-1615). He .studied under Rubens and in Rome was influenced by Elsheimer, in whose manner he painted land- scapes with mythological figures, eight of which are preserved in the Vienna Museum. After- wards he turned to fantastic subjects and rustic genre scenes in the prevailing taste of the times, such as the "Temptation of Saint Anthony" (Ber- lin Museum), "Peasants Carousing in Front of a Tavern" (Darmstadt Gallery), and "A Dutch Kitchen" (Metropolitan Museum, New York). TENIERS, David, the Younger (1610-90). The principal genre painter of the Flemish school, born at Antwerp, son and pupil of the preceding. Before he was twenty his work bore the stamp of maturity, and in 1633 he entered the guild as master. His early manner and choice of .subjects is represented by such ex- amples as "The Prodigal Son" (Pinakothek, Munich), "The Five Senses" (Brussels Museum), "A Merry Repast" (Berlin Museum), and "The Misers" (1634, National Gallery. London). The delineations from peasant life, which henceforth constituted the ke^mote of his productions, showed the influence of Adrian Brouwer. Of more than 100 such pictures which Teniers painted, some of the most characteristic are: the "Interior of Village Inn," "Flemish Tap-Room" (1643) ; "Peasants' Dance" (1645) ; "The Smok- ers" (1650. all in the Pinakothek, ]Iunich) ; "Hour of Rest" (Amsterdam), "Smoking Club" (Dresden), and "Backgammon Players" (1641, Berlin). Brouwer's spirit also prevails in sub- jects like "The Dentist" and "The Barber Shop" (both in Cassel), "The Village Doctor" (Brus- sels), and "The Bagpipe-Player" (Buckingham Palace. London) ; also in various treatments of "The Alchemist" (The Hague and Dresden), and
