TENIERS. 127 TENNENT. of the '"Temptation of Saint Anthony" (Brussels, Dresden, and — dated ll)47 — Ik-rlin). In l(i37 Teniei's married Anna Breughel, the daughter of Jan Breughel and ward of Rubens, wlio was one of the marriage witnesses. Soon after the death of Brouwcr in 1U38 the influence of Rubens became apparent in Teniers"s coloring, which changed from a general brownish tint to a warm golden tone with rich and luminous local colors, and in the dramatic life animating his large compositions, extremelj' rich in figures. This ])hase is well exemplified by a "Peasants' Dance" ( 16-40, Berlin), and the "Flem- ish Kirmess" (1641, Dresden, Vienna, Jladrid, 1052, Brussels and Amsterdam). Especiallj' re- markable for the number of figures is "The Great Fair in Florence" (Munich), and interesting por- trait groups are represented in "The Artist and His Family" (c.l645. Berlin), and "Teniers in Front of His Castle Xear Perck" (Xational Gal- lery, London). In 1642 he was commissioned to paint for Saint George's Guild an "Archers' Fes- tival" (now in the Hermitage, Saint Petersburg) , containing 45 characteristic portrait figures. A few scenes from military life are depicted in the splendid "Guard Room" (1641, Amsterdam), "Robliers Plundering a Village" (1648, Vienna), and "Relief of Valenciennes by the Spaniards" (Antwerp) . Among several biblical episodes, the most attractive is "Abraham's Sacrifice" (1053, Vienna) . After Teniers had, about 1643, become lord of the manor of Dry Toren (Three Towers), near Brussels, he seems to have been more than ever absorbed in rural life and work; witness such pro- ductions of his brush as "The Sausage-Maker." "Cow-Stable," and "CJoat-House" (all in Vienna), the last two especially noteworthy for their fine chiaroscuro. In lOoO the artist was appointed Court painter to Archduke Leopold William, and removed to Brussels, where he superintended that art-loving Prince's picture gallery and de- picted notable events in his life and that of his consort, Isabella. The most interesting of these pictures is "The Shooting Match at Brussels, 1652" (Vienna), containing more than 470 fig- ures. As director of the gallery he painted a series of interiors, faithfully representing its contents to the minutest detail. Of these there are four in Munich, and one each in Vienna (1650), Madrid, and Brussels (1057), the last being characteristic of the delicate silvery tone which prevailed in the painter's coloring for about a decade from 1650 on. Among the works of his later period are rural scenes and land- .scapcs, besides his inimitable parodistic monkey- pictures, notably "Jlonkeys in a Tavern Smok- ing," "Repast in the Kitchen," and "Monkey Con- cert," all in the Pinakothek, Munich, ijnique among his works is the "Sacrament of the Miracle of Saint Gudule" (Berlin), painted on white marble, the grain of which is visible through the colors. The Metropolitan Jluseum, New York, possesses a "ilarriage Festival" and a "Temptation of Saint Anthony." Teniers left about 800 paintings, which in searching observation of nature, wondrous har- mony of color, and their whole artistic combi- nation entitle their author to undisputed su- premacy in his sphere. Consult: Rosenberg. Trniri-!' ricr ■Jun(]ere (Leipzig. 1805) : Wurzbach, in Dohme, Kunst und Kiinstler, i. (ib., 1877). TENIM'BEB. A group of islands in the Malay Arcliipelago. See TiMoltLAUT. TENINO, tft-ne'ni. A tribe of Shahaptian stock (q.v.) formerly claiming most of the Deschutes River country of northern Oregon, and now gathered with other trilies upon Warm- spring reservation in the same region. They originally lived farther to the northeast, upon tlie Columbia. In 1S55 they made their first treaty with the Government, and agreed to come ujion their present reservation. Their language is also that of several smaller tribes formerly occupying both banks of the Columbia. TEN KATE. See Kate. TEN'NANT, William (1784-1848). A Scot- tish ])oct. He was born at Anstruther, Fifeshire, Scotland. A cripple almost from his birth, he naturally turned to study. In 17i)!l he entered the University of Saint Andrews, which he left after two 3ears to become clerk to his brother, a corn-agent. The business proving unsuccessful, he was glad to accept in 1813 the situation of parish schoolmaster at Dunino, a small village al>iiut four miles from Saint Andrews, with a salary of £40 a year. In 1812 he had pub- lished his Atistcr Fair, a poem of much sprightli- ness and humor. The piece gradually made its way, aided by a highly laudatory notice in the Eiiinhurgh Review, from the pen of the then omnipotent Jeffrey. In 1810 Tcnnant became teacher of a school at Lasswade, near Edinburgh, whence three years afterwards he was trans- ferred to the Dollar Academy in Clackman- nanshire. His attainments as a linguist were by this time extraordinary. In 1834 he was ap- pointed professor of Oriental languages in the University of Saint Andrews. In connection with his new duties, he published a Si/riac and Chaldee Grammar (1840). He died at Devon Grove, October 14, 1848. Besides other miscel- lanies in verse, Tennant published: The Thane of Fife, a Poem. (iS22) ; Cardinal Beaton, a Tragedy (1823) ; and John lialiol, a Drama (1825). None of these later productions increased the literary reputation which his first work had won for him. Consult ConoUv, Life of William Tennant (Edinburgh. 1801). TEN'NENT, Gilbert (1703-64). A Presby- terian minister. He was born in County Armagh, Ireland : came to America with his father, William Tennent, in 1718, and aided him as a teacher in the 'Long College.' He studied medicine and theology : was ordained pastor of a Presbyterian church in New Brunswick. N. J., in 1726, continuing the connection until 1743, though traveling and preaching with Whitefield in New England for several months; founded and became pastor of a church in Philadelphia, with which he remained connected until his death. In 1753 he visited England with President Davies to obtain aid for the College of New Jersey and raiscil £1500, He published many sermons. TENNENT, Sir .Tames Emebsox (1804-69). A British traveler, politician, and author, born at Belfast, Ireland. He traveled through the Levant and Greece in 1824-2.T. and was a mem- ber of Parliament from 1832 to 1845, In 1842 he secured the passage of the bill granting copy- rights to designers. He was secretary to the India Board (1841-43); civil secretary to the C'e3-lon colonial Government (1845-50); and
