east of Agra, India, built by Shah Jehan as a burial place for his favorite wife, who died in l(i29. it is said to have occupied twenty-two years in building and its cost is variously stated at from $9,000,000 to $60,000,000. The building is octag- onal, with sides of 130 feet and a height of 70 feet. It is surmounted by a dome which rises to the height of 120 feet above the roof, and is flanked by four minarets 133 feet high. In the central chamber, above the vault containing the bodies of the Emperor and his wife, are two cenotaphs surrounded by a fine marble screen. The exterior of the mausoleum is covered with arabesques and passages from the Koran in mosaic.
TAKAMATSU, ta'ka-mat'soo. The capital
of the Prefecture of Kagawa in Japan, on the
northern coast of Shikoku (Map: Japan, DO).
It was formerly the seat of a daimio and has a
fine landscape garden in its southern suburb.
Population, in 1898, 34,416.
TAKAOKA, til'ka-(yka. A town in the Pre-
fecture of Toyama, Central Hondo, Japan, 10
miles by rail northeast of KanazaWa (Map:
Japan, E 5 ) . It manufactures dyes and hard-
ware. Population, in 1898, 31,490.
TAKASAKI,. tii'ka-sa'ke. A town in the
Prefecture of Gumma, Central Hondo, Japan,
situated 63 miles by rail northwest of Tokio
( Map : Japan, F 5 ) . It has manufactures of
cotton and silk. Population, in 1898, 30,893.
TAKASHIMA, ta'ka-she'ma. A small island
of Japan, about eight miles southwest of the en-
trance to the harbor of Nagasaki (Map: Japan,
J 2 ) . It is noted for its extensive coal mine,
which has been worked since the middle of the
eighteenth century.
TAKATA, ta-ika'ta. A town in the Prefecture
of Niigata, Northern Hondo, Japan, 42 miles by
rail north of Nagano. It has extensive manufac-
tures of cotton goods (Map: Japan, F 5). The
town was formerly the residence of the daimio
of Sakakibara belonging to one of the most noted
feudal families of Japan. Population, in 1898,
20,315.
TAKIK, or Gnu-goat. A goat-like animal
{Bndorcas taxicolor) of Eastern Thibet, allied to
the serow (q.v.), but having horns (in both
sexes) bent at right angles, and resembling those
of a gnu. Little is known of its habits.
TAKOW, or TAKAO, ta'kou'. A village on
the w"est coast of Formosa, thrown open in 1864
by the Chinese for foreign residence and trade and
continued as a treaty-port by the Japanese
(Map: Japan, E 8). It lies 20 miles south of
Tainan (q.v.) , with which it is connected by rail,
and on the edge of a fertile plain inhabited
chiefly by immigrants from Kwang-tung. and
producing good crops of rice, sugar, etc. The
trade of the port is not very important, but there
is a considerable export of sugar. Population,
estimated at 7000.
TAKIT, t.a'koo'. A village in the Province of
Chi-li, Northern China, near the mouth of the
Pei-ho, 30 miles east oif Tien-tsin (Map: China,
E 4). It is known for its strong fortifications,
which were taken by the British and French
fleets in lS.58-00 and by the allied troops on
June 17, 1900, during the Boxer uprising.
TALAING. Sec MoNs.
TALAVERA DE LA REINA, ta'lava'ra da
la ra'e-na. A town of New Castile, Spain, in
the modern Province of Toledo, 68 miles south-
west of iladrid, on the Madrid-Valencia de Al-
cantara Railroad (Map: Spain, C 3). It is
charmingly situated on the right bank of the
Tagus, which is here spanned by a quarter-mile
bridge of 35 arches. The town is in a fertile,
well-watered valley. Its former silk-weaving in-
dustry is now fast disappearing, but the town
contains important potteries, and cloth, hat,
leather, soap, and varnish factories. Its popula-
tion in 1900 was 9990. An important battle
took place here July 27 and 28, 1809, in which
Wellington defeated the French under Joseph
Bonaparte, Jourdan, and Victor.
TALBOT. The name of an ancient breed of
white dogs, also called 'old Southern hound,'
from which have descended many of the modern
breeds. The talbot probably derives its name
from the ancient family of Talbot, whose coat
of arms bears the figure of a dog. See Hound.
TALBOT, t.aKbut, Charles, twelfth Earl and
only Duke of Shrewsbury (1660-1718). An Eng-
lish statesman. He was the son of the eleventh
Earl, his mother being the notorious Anna Maria
Brudenell, the mistress of the Duke of Bucking-
ham, who in a duel killed Charles's father. He
was educated as a Roman Catholic, but after the
'Popish Plot' attached himself to the Anglican
Church. Although a prominent official at the cor-
onation of James II. in 1685 he was one of the
seven noblemen who invited William, Prince of
Orange, to England. He was active in securing
the success of the Revolution, and was Secre-
tary of State for the northern province from
1689 to 1690 and again in 1694, on the latter oc-
casion being made a Knight of the Garter and
created Marquis of Alton and Duke of Shrews-
bury. In 1710 he was appointed Lord Chamber-
lain by Queen Anne, in 1712 Ambassador to
France, and in 1713 Lord Lieutenant of Ireland.
Two days before her death in 1714 the Queen ap-
pointed him Lord High Treasurer. LTnder George
I. he became Lord Chamberlain. His ducal title
became extinct at his death in 1718.
TALBOT, John, first Earl of Shrewsbury
(c.1388-1453). An English general of Welsh
descent. Henry V. appointed him Lord Lieuten-
ant of Ireland in 1414, where he was engaged in
subduing some of the septs and in other military
operations. In 1419 he went to France and took
an active part at the sieges of Melun and Meaux
and in the battle of Verneuil. In 1424 he re-
ceived the Order of the Ciarter. and again became
Lord Lieutenant of Ireland under Henry VI. In
1427 he again returned to France, and after nu-
merous successes in Brittany was taken prisoner
at Patay in 1429 by Joan of Arc. The ransom
demanded for his release was so high that he did
not regain his freedom until 1433, and then by
exchange. In 1442 he was created Earl of
Shrewsbury, and in 1446 Earl of Waterford.
Lord of Dimgarvan, and Steward of Ireland.
With the exception of an interval of rule in Ire-
land from 1445 to 1447. the rest of his life was
spent in France, where he was distinguished for
the audacity and daring of his military exploits,
anil where he was killed at the battle of Castillon in 1453.
