TEXTILE MANUFACTTJBING. 172 TEXTILE MANUFACTURING. 1900 1897 1887 1877 1861 Great Britain Continent ol Eu- rope 46,000 33.000 19.008 4,400 1,500 600 640 460 44,900 30,350 16,800 4,000 970 440 560 450 43,000 23,750 13.500 2,400 39.500 19,600 10,000 1,230 30,300 10,000 United States 6,000 338 China ' of the spiudles in the United States run on Inflience.s Controlling Development. The coarse or medium-sized yarns, and those of Eng- influences controlling the establishment of the land on much finer yarns, the United States act- textile industry in a given country are prima- ually spins more pounds of the raw material, rily the supply of the raw material and the , „ ... adaptability of the people to a manufacturing Table VII. — Cotton Spindles in the World at -e k i-u t *. x r i ■ Various Periods, in Thousands •'f'^- Among the earliest forms of machinery are the hand-loom and spinning-wheel : and as sheep may be, and usually are, raised in any countiy where clothing must be warm, it is not surprising to find in the world's earliest his- tory records of the production of fabrics of wool; these came to be known as homespun, be- cause made from yarn spun at home and v>oven by hand by some member of the household. That the woolen industry should spring up in primitive communities, and among people too None of the European countries equals the I"""" to purchase material for clothing, is only United States in spindles, so that the latter is natural; and as the comforts of life became second only to Great Britain "^°^'^ accessible and labor became diversihed The relative standing of the countries in wool fnd specialized, owing to the increase in popu- manufacturing is more difficult to arrive at ac- ^^tion, the tendency was to [iroduce fabrics for curatclv; but the following table, compiled from '*-l<= ^nd in such quantities as required the use a trade circular of Jlessrs. Helmuth. Schwartz f "«'■" ""Pioved machinery: and m order to & Co., London, who are recognized as authority further reduce the cost large numbers of ma- on the production and consumption of wool <""e« ^^^le collected and there resulted the mill throughout the world, and from figures made or factory. That the woolen industry has secured up bv the National Association of Wool Manu- a foothold m all countries in which wool fabrics facturers (Bulletin for November, 1900)— the a^e needed for clothing, with the exception of nearest year of comparison being 1894— shows the polar regions, is, then, not surprising, the net pounds available for home consumption Cotton being a sub- tropical plant and the lint ■in the several countries. It might be said that t>e">g separable with ease from the seed by Great Britain. France. Germany, and Austria- hand, and as the fibre can be spun and woven Hungary produce fullv five-sixths of all the in as simple a way as wool was manufactured woolen "goods made iii Europe, Great Britain in primitive communities, it would seem that beinf in the lead the cotton industry should have developed near the source of the raw material ; but the sections of the different countries suited to raising cot- Pounds ton were largely inhabited by people with agri- ■iO" 000 000 cultural instincts, consequently the industry has 4.58iooo!ooo developed in more thickly settled communities 457. 610. 000 and in sections remote from the cotton field. ^ftfi RHO fwin 383090000 One important feature in the early development — '■ — '■ — of the cotton industry in factories was the fact The statistical position of the several countries that fabrics of cotton must necessarily be light engatred in silk manufacturing is readilv seen in in weight and of comparatively fine yarns, conse- Table IX. which gives the value of silk'products quently the proportion of labor cost to the cost in Europe and in the United States, showing of production was much greater than in the that while France was first, the United States production of fabrics of wool, and the tendency was a good second in 1900; but when we con- "^vas to concentrate in their production; this sider that the industry in this country has been condition also stimulated the invention of labor- developed since 1870 And note, as in Tables III. saving machinery. The result is that virtually and IV.. the rapid growth, we may believe that the whole manufacture is in the hands of in- if it alreadv does not it will soon lead in the "tested capital, and the tendency is for it to ex- manufacture of silks pand in communities where it is already estab- lished, and. unless favored bv special advantages, Table ix.-Talue of Silk Products of Edbope and ^ languish or to be neglected in sections where THE United States: 1900" .. . '^ , . , , '^ it IS newly introduced. Percent of jj, tj,g thickly settled centres of India the in- producta dustrj' had its greatest growth in a semi-tropi- 30.9 cal country and in a country fully adapted to 23.3 the production of the fibre, yet, stran.ge as it g g may seem, the inhabitants make better laborers 6.3 in the factories than they do cultivators of the
- -3 crop. Those who do follow agricultural pursuits
3'3 are content to do so in a small way. simply 1.0 raising the product for individual use rather than j„ (J farming in a commercial way. This condition ' was recently referred to by Sir George Watt, •International Universal Exposition at Paris; Report reporter to the Government of India on Economic of United States Commissioner Peck : Report on silk Products, as follows : "Like niaiiv other conn- fabrics, contrihuted by Franklin Allen. .Tr., of f^he United j^ies in the East and Far East, India cannot he States, in the silk section (Class 83). Government Printing . , , i ■ n , • • i. ^u Office, Washington, D. c. 1901, page 666. treated geographically, for in every instance the Table Till. COUNTRIES Great Britain North America France Austria-Hungary Germany COUNTRIES France United States Germany Switzerland Russia (in Europe).. Austria-Hung:ary.... Great Britain Italy Spain and Portugal Total Value of products $122,000,000 92.000.000 73,000,000 38,000.000 21.000.000 17.000.000 15.000.000 13,000,000 4.000,000 $395,000,000
