THAYEB. his chief strength is figure painting, especially in ideal subjects. One of his earliest success- ful pictures was '"Sleep," the subject of which is a beautiful infant. "Crossing the Ferry" is notewortliy as being one of his few pictures containing many figures. Among the pictures for which his family posed are "Mother and Child" and the "Angel," which obtained a bronze medal .at the Paris Exposition of 1889, and is perhaps the most widely known of his pictures, excepting the more ambitious "Virgin Enthroned" (1892). Among his later works are "Florence," a fine mural decoration in Bowdoin College, and "Caritas." Thayer was one of the original members of the Societj' of American Artists, of which he was for two years president, and is perhaps one of the most personal and original painters in American art. His style seems thoroughly his own, and does not bear the slightest impression of the school in which he studied. His preference seems to be for single female figures, which he invests with great dig- nity and charm of expression, and treats with great breadth of modeling, both in head and drapery, and with a touch and application of pigment peculiarly his own. THAYER, Arthur Wilder (1857—). An American composer, born in Dedhani, Mass. He studied singing under Charles R. Adams, har- mony, counterpoint, and instrumentation under George W. Chadwick, and conducting under Karl Zerrahn. After conducting choral societies in Lowell, Salem, Worcester, Providence, and other towns, he was superintendent of music in the public schools of Dedham and Milton. He was afterwards director of music at Eliot Church, Newton, and a member of the Harvard Musical Association. His works are chietly songs and part-songs, many of which were written for the Apollo Club of Boston. They include "Rosa- lind's JIadrigal," "Bugle Song," "Sea-Greeting," and "The Quiet Moon upon the Clouds." THAYER, Eli (1819-99). An American edu- cator, inventor, and anti-slavery agitator, born at Mendon, Mass. He graduated at Brown Uni- versity in 1845, and in 1848 founded Oread In- stitute. He is chiefly remembered for his con- nection with the 'Kansas Crusade,' the purpose of which was to secure the admission of Kan- sas as a free State. With this aim in view he early in 1854 organized the Massachusetts Emi- grant Aid Company; soon afterwards afliliated it with the Emigrant Aid Company of New York; and a year later reorganized the two under the name of the New England Emigrant Aid Com- panj'. Local leagues were established whose members emigrated to Kansas and settled in localities where the company had erected hotels for their temporary accommodation and had pro- vided saw-mills and other improvements. The company proved a financial failure, but its main piirpose was successful. Under its auspices the towns of Lawrence, Topeka, Manhattan, Osawa- tomie, and other places were settled, and in tliis way contributed greatly to the saving of Kansas for freedom. (See Kansas.) In 1856 Thayer be- gan a somewhat similar but unsuccessful work in Virginia, and founded the town of Ceredo, con- taining about 500 inhabitants from New England. From "18.57 till 1801 he was a member of the National House of Representatives. He was also an inventor, and he patented, among other things, 183 THAYER. a hydraulic elevator, a sectional safety steam boiler, and an automatic boiler-cleaner. He pub- lished a volume of Congressional si)eeches ( IS(il)). a collection of lectures ( 1880) , and Historij of tin: Kansas Crusade (1889). THAYER, James Bradley (1831-1902). An American lawyer and author, lioru at Haver- hill, Mass. He graduated at Harvard in 1852 and at the Harvard Law School in 1850. From that time until 1874 he engaged in tlie practice of law, and from the latter year until his death lie was a professor in the Harvard Law School. His publications include: Letters of Chauncey Wrifiht (1877); A Western Journey with Mr. Emerson (1884); The Origin and Scope of the American Doctrine of Constitutional Laio (1893); The Teaching of English Law in Uni- versities (1892); Cases on Evidence (1892): Cases on Constitutional Law (1895): The De- velopment of Trial by Jury (1890) ; A Prelimi- nary Treatise on Evidence at the Common Lau-' (1898): and John Marshall (1901). Consult. The Harvard Graduates Magazine, vol. x. (1901- 02); and The Harvard Law Review (April, 1902). THAYER, .John Milton (1820—). An American soldier and politician. He was born at Bellingham, Mass., was educated at Brown University, and was admitted to the Massachu- setts bar. In 1853 he went West and in the fol- lowing year settled at Omaha, Neb., which he made his permanent home. In 1855 he was elected major-general of the Territorial forces, and until 1861 conducted the campaigns against the Indians, in 1859 capturing the Pawnees and placing them on a reservation. At the outbreak of the Civil War he became colonel of volunteers and served with distinction till 1865. His bravery at Fort Donelson and Shiloh brought him the appointment as brigadier-general, in which position he assisted Sherman in the siege of Vicksburg. In 1867-71 he was United States Senator from Nebrasica, and in 1875-79 CJovernor of Wyoming Territory. From 1887 to 1893 he was Governor of Nebraska. THAYER, .Joseph Henry (1828-1901). An American biblical scholar, born in Boston. He graduated at Harvard in 1850, and at An- dover Theological Seminary in 1857. In 1864 he became associate professor of sacred literature in Andover Theological Seminary, and in 1884 professor of New Testament criticism in Har- vard Divinity .School. He translated the New Testament grammars of Winer (1809) and of Buttmann (1873), and jiublished A Greek-Eng- lish Lexicon of the AVio Testament (1886). He was a member of the American New Testament Company of Revisers of the Authorized Version. THAYEB, Sylvanus (1785-1872). An American soldier, known as 'the father of the United States Military Academy.' He was born at Braintree, Mass., graduated at Dartmouth in 1807 and at West Point in 1808, and en- tered the corps of engineers. During the War of 1812 he served under General Dearborn as chief engineer of the Northern Army (1812); under General Hampton as aide-de-camp and chief engineer of the Right Division of the North em Army (1813); and under General Porter at Norfolk, Va., as chief engineer and brigade- major (1814-15). The two following years he
