TALLEYRAND-PERIGOBD. 10 TALLMADGE. After the July Revolution Louis Philippe em- ployed him as Ambassiidor at the English Court, where he contrived to bring about a friendly feel- ing between the new monarchy and the English Government, and negotiated the Quadruple Alli- ance of 1834 between France, Great Britain, Spain, and Portugal. He returned to France in 1835, and died at Valengay, May 17, 1838. Talleyrand stands out preeminently as the type of the un- scrupulous diplomat and politician. A skeptic in religion and a cynic in morals, he possessed a remarkable insight into the grosser nature of man and almost unexampled adroitness for play- ing on the lower motives. He had a rare talent for caustic epigram, and his disillusioned view of human nature is attested by numerous witty say- ings which have become part of the world's nar- rower wisdom. The Memoires of a man of Talleyrand's keen perceptions and close contact with great events necessarily have considerable historical value. His plan was to have them published thirty years after his death, but at that time it was de- cided to postpone their publication, and they were finally issued in five volumes (Paris) in 1889-91. Consult, in addition to general works on the period: Bastide, Vie religieuse et politique de Talleyrand (Paris, 1838); Correspondance du prince de Talleyrand et du roi Louis XVIII. pendant le congres de Vienne (ib., 1881) ; Sorel, Essais d'histoire et de critique — Talleyrand au congris de Viemie (ib., 1883) ; Sainte-Beuve, "Tallevrand," in ^ouveaux Lundis, vol. xii. (ib., 1872)." TALLIEN, ta'lyitN', Jean Lambert (17G9- 1820). A French revolutionary leader, born in Paris. He was educated by his father's employer, the Marquis de Bercy. He early imbibed the spirit of the Revolution, was attached to the Moniteur, and started a journal, L'Ami des Citoyens, in imitation of Marat's Ajni du Peuple. He acquired great influence with the people and became a leader in extreme and sanguinary meas- ures. On August 10, 1792, he was made secre- tary to the Revolutionarj' Commune of Paris, was later chosen to the Convention and there became the apologist of Marat, voted for the death of Louis XVI., and was eager for the destruction of the Girondists (q.v. ). Toward the close of 1793 he was sent to Bordeaux as the representative of the Committee of Public Safety. A passion which he there conceived for Madame de Fontenay, whom he married December 26, 1794, made him amenable to her influence, which was exerted on the side of clemency. On March 22, 1794, he was chosen president of the Conven- tion. Robespierre, who hated him, and felt that he could not be trusted, denounced him in the Convention. Tallien recognized his danger and dexterously rallied the remnants of the Danton- ists, Hcbertists, and other factions against the Government of Robespierre, Saint Just, and Cou- thon. and brought about the events of the 9th Thermidor (July 27, 1794), which caused the fall of the triumvirate. Tallien became head of the Committee of Public Safety, lent his aid in suppressing the Revolutionary" Tribunal and the Jacobin Club, and drew up the accusa- tions against Carrier, Le Bon, and others of the Terrorists. From 1795 to 1798 he was a member of the Council of Five Hundred, where, however, his influence rapidly diminished. He accompanied Bonaparte to Egypt, editing the oUicial journal. Decade Egyptienne, and, when returning to France, was captured by an English cruiser, and taken to England, where lie was lionized by the Whigs (1801). Soon af- ter he returned to France, and was sent in 1805 as consul to Alicante. Ue died in Paris, Novem- ber 16, 1820. Under the Directory Madame Tal- lien's salon was one of the nio.st brilliant in Paris. While Tallien was absent in Egypt, she was di- vorced from him and married in 1805 Count de Caraman, afterwards Prince de Chimay. See Chimay, Jeanne JIabie Ignace THfisfisE de Cabarrus, Princess de. TAL'LIS, Thomas (c.1510-85). A famous English organist and composer. He achieved great proficiency in organ-playing, and was or- ganist at Waltham Abbey for many years. About 1542 he was appointed gentleman of the Chapel Royal, and served under Henry VIII., Edward VI., and the queens Mary and Elizabeth. He was also organist to Elizabeth. In 1575-76 he obtained, with William Byrd, letters patent, giv- ing the exclusive right, for twenty-one years, of printing music and ruled music paper. The first work printed unjler this patent was their Can- tiones quce ab Argumento Sacrce Vocanlur Quin- que et Sex Partium (London, 1575), containing 34 motets, by Tallis and Byrd, the work being a beautiful specimen of typography. About this time he composed his famous song of 40 parts, originally written to Latin words, but adapted to English about 1630. Tallis's compositions consist of Church music, Order of Daily Service; Full Cathedral Service; Order for Morning Prayer, with the Litany Noted (all of which have been edited in this century) ; Te Deums, chants, hymns, motets, and responses. His manu- scripts are in the Oxford and Cambridge Uni- versity libraries, and in the British Museum. TALL'MADGE, Benjamin (1754-1835). An American soldier, born in Brookhaven, N. Y. He graduated at Yale in 1773; taught school at Wethersfield, Conn., for three years; and in June, 1776, became lieutenant and adjutant of a Con- necticut regiment, rising to the rank of captain in December, 1776, and of major in April, 1777. On September 5, 1779, without the loss of a single man, he surprised and captured 500 Tory ma- rauders at Lloyd's Neck, L. I., and in May, 1780, captured Fort George at Oyster Bay. He was present, besides, at the battles of IJrandywine, Germantown. and Monmouth, had the custody of Major Andre imtil that officer's execution, and served at Washington's headquarters in 1781- 83. After the war he became a successful mer- chant at Litchfield, Conn. His Memoirs were printed privately by his son in 1859. TALLMADGE, N.^thaniel Pitcher (1795- 1864). An American legislator and governor, born in Chatham, N. Y. He graduated at Union College in 1815, and in 1818 was admitted to the bar. He was elected to the lower branch of the State Legislature in 1828 and to the State Senate in 1830. In the latter body he served until 1833, when he was elected to the L'nited States Senate as a Democrat. Afterwards he allied himself with the Whigs and served by reelection until 1844, when he resigned to accept the ap- pointment of Territorial Governor of Wisconsin tendered him by President Tyler, and served un- til removed bv President Polk in 1846.
