THIBAUDEAU. 226 THIERRY. became prefect of the Department of Bouches-du- EhOne. He lielped in the elaboration of the Code and was made a Count of the Empire in 1809. On the second return of the Bourbons he was proscribed as a regicide and lived abroad till the Revolution of 1830. He was made a Senator by Napoleon III., and died in Paris, March 8, 1854. He wrote: ilcnioires sur la Convention et le Directoire (1824); Mfmoires sur le Consulat (1827); Uistoire fienrrale de 'SupoUon Bona- parte (1828) ; Le Consulat et I'Empire (18.35) ; Uistoire des Etats Generaux et des institutiojts representatives en France (1843). His autobiog- rapliy appeared in 1875. THIBATJLT, te'bo', Jacques Anatole. See Frakce, Anatole. THIBAUT or THEOBALD I. (1201-53), King of Navarre from 1234 to 1253, originally Count of Champagne. He was born in France and educated at tlie Court of Philip Augustus. He is said to have been in love with Blanche of Castile, Queen of Louis Vlll., and when Louis died, in 1226, some suspected that he had been poisoned by Thibaut. The latter at first allied himself with the league of nobles against Blanche, Regent during the minority of her son, but was soon won over by her. On the death of his uncle, Sancho the Strong of Navarre, in 1234, he succeeded to that kingdom. He went to Palestine in 1239, but was badly defeated at Gaza. He was a friend of literature and a trom^ere of no mean order, Dante and Petrarch being among his admirers. His poems were first published by Levesque de la Ravallifre (2 vols., Paris, 1742), and have been republished sexeral times since. Consult Delbarre, Vie de Thihnut (Laon, 1850). THIBATJT, Anton Friedrich Justus ( 1772- 1840). A German jurist. He was born at Hameln, and studied at Gottingen, Kiinigsberg, and Kiel, at which latter university he was appointed professor of civil law in 1798. From 1802 to 1S06 he was professor at Jena, where he became a friend of Goethe and Schiller. In 1806 he went as professor of civil law to Heidelberg, where he remained until his death. He pub- lished Tlieoric der lofiischen Auslegvng des rami- schen Reehts (1799); Ueier Besitz iind Vcr- jiihrung (1802): Si/stem des Pandektenrechts (1803)'; ZiviUstische Ahhandlungen (1814). THIBET, tib'et or tl-bet'. A dependency of China. See Tibet. THIBODEATJX, te'bft-do'. A town and the parish seat of Lafourche Parish, La., 47 miles west by south of New Orleans, on the Bnyou Lafourche, and on the Southern Pacific Railroad (Map: Louisiana, E 4). It derives considerable commercial importance from its situation in a fertile section producing extensively rice and sugar-cane. Mount Carmel Academy is here. The water-works and the electric light plant are owned bv the municipality. Population, in 1890, 207S; in 1900, 3253. THICKET (AS. piceet, from piece, thick, OHG. dicchi. Ger, dich, Olr. ting. OWelsh, Bret, ten, Welsh, Corn, teir, thick, and with Ger. dicht, Dan. tcBt, Eng. tight). A plant so- ciety dominated by shrubs. In regions of great rainfall thickets may be generally regarded as forerunners of forests, but in many arid region-; while present conditions remain they are usually the ultimate type of vegetation. Various names have been given to the xerophytic thicket areas. Those of the Southwestern United States 'are called chaparral; those of the Mediterranean region, maqui; those in Southern South America, espinal ; in Australia, scrub. They all agree in having a sluiil)by. thorn}-, stunted aspect. THICKHEAD FLY. Any one of the flies of the family Ciinopida', a group comprising species with large and conspicuous heads. They are rather large insects, but are generally slender and with a stalked abdomen. They frequent flowers and their larva? are parasitic, chiefly upon bumblebees and wasps, and also more rare- ly upon grasshoppers. The eggs are probably laid upon the body of the host, and the larvse as a rule live in the abdominal cavity. About thirty species occur in the United States. THICK-KNEE. A large, plover-like shore bird of the Old World, representing the family Qicncmidie, of which several species are known, all characterized by the enlargement of the tibio- tarsal joint. The familiar one of Western Europe ((IJdiciiciniis ccdiciicntiis) is known in Great Britain as the 'great' or 'stone' or 'Nor- folk' plover, or 'stone-curlew,' and is a favorite among gunners. It is largelv nocturnal, and its mellow whistling cry at twilight is a delightful sound along the sea-beaches. For illustration, see Plate of Bu.stards. THIELMANN, tel'man, Johann Adolf, Baron (1705-1824). A Prussian general, born at Dresden. He entered a Saxon regiment in 1782, served through the Rhine campaigns, and was engaged on the side of Prussia in the battle of Jena in 1800. He was next sent by Saxony as Ambassador to Napoleon I., became his ardent admirer, and did much to bring about the Franco- Saxon Alliance. He served with the French as major in the campaign of 1807; fought at Fried- land in that year, was made major-general, and operated against the Austrians in Saxony. In the Russian campaign of 1812 he commanded a brigade of cavalr.v and for exceptional bravery in the battle af Borodino was made a baron. As commander of Torgau in the early part of 1813 he entered into comnuuiications Avith the .llies, and on being ordered by the Saxon King to deliver the town to the French, resigned his post and went over to the enemy. He Avas given conunand of a Saxon corps which participated in the inva- sion of France in 181-i. He next joined the Prussian Army (1815), and led the Third Army Corps at Ligny and at Wavre, contributing ma- teriall.v to the victory at Waterloo. THIELT, telt. A town in the Province of West Flanders, Belgium, 20 miles southwest of Cihent (Map: Belgium, B 3). It has an ancient cloth hall and belfry, and manufactures cotton and woolen goods, linen, leather, etc. The town was at the zenith of its prosperity during the Middle .ges, but in 1383 it was almost totally destroyed bv fire, and has never regained its importance. Population, in 1900, 10.727. THIERRY, tvA'r*'. Amedee (1797-1873). A French historian, born at Blois. brother of the following. He was associated with the Romantic School and especiall.v with its journal, the Globe, and obtained a clerical post under the Government in recognition of his contribution to the history of Guienne in 1825. His Histoire des Gaulois
