TAMARISK. The twig3 were once in repute as a tonic. The ashes of this and some other species of the genus contain much sulphate of soda. The Oriental tamarisk (Tamarix articulata) is one of the few indigenous trees in the Arabian and African deserts. It is called atle or ethel. Its wood is used for fuel and for economical pur- poses. The galls found on some East Indian spe- cies are valued in dj-eing. Tamarix mannifera, perhaps a variety of Tamarix OaUica, owing to the punctures of an insect, yields Jlount Sinai manna. The German tamarisk (Myricaria Oer- ni(inicri) lielongs to another genus of this order. TAMASHEK, tiim'a-shgk. The name applied to the Berber and Tuareg languages of ilaure- tania and the Sahara. It occurs in various dia- lectic forms as Tamahag, Tahahflg. and Tama- zigt. The last form, T-ama-zig-t. survives in the Anizigh or Imaziglien (q.v. ), tlio common name of JIauretanian Berbers and thought to be iden- tical with the Maxyes of Herodotus. Consult : Freeman, Grammatical Sketch of the Temahur/ or Towarck Lanrjuage (London, 1802) ; Hano- teau, Essai de grammaire de la laiigiie tamachek (2d ed., Algiers, 18!)G); Kaoui. Dictionnaire fran^ais-iamuheq (ib., 1894); id.. Dictionnaire pratique famdheq-francais (ib., 1900). TAMATAVE, ta'md-ta'va. The most im- portant seaport of Madagascar. It is on the east coast in latitude 18° 10' S., on a small peninsula (Map: Africa, JO). It is fortified. It has a good roadstead owing to the outlying coral reefs, but the facilities are not superior for loading and unloading vessels. South of the city is a series of lagoons which have been connected by canals and thus add to the transportation advan- tages of the town. (See Madagascar.) A rail- road at present connects Tamatave with the neighboring Ivandro. The population is given at 4000. There are about 600 Europeans. TAMATJLIPAS, tii'mou-le'pas. A maritime State of Mexico, bounded by Texas on the north, the Gulf of Mexico on the east, Vera Cruz and San Luis PotosJ on the south, and Nuevo Leon on the west (Map: Mexico, K 6). Area, 32,128 square miles. The coast is flat, sandy, lined with lagoons and marshes, and but sparsely in- habited. The northern part is occupied by plains, while the southern and central portions are mountainous. Tamaulipas is watered by several large rivers, of which the largest are the Kio Grande and Pfinuco, forming respectively the north and south boundaries. The climate is temperate and healthful in the Interior and hot and imhealthful on the coast. Agriculture is the principal industry, but is hindered by lack of irrigation facilities. Grazing is carried on extensively. The chief exports are hides and skins, live stock, some fruits, and rubber. There are three railroad lines in the State. The Mexi- can Free Zone, in which imports are liable to only 10 per cent, of ordinary duties, was first established by Tamaulipas in 1858. Population, in 1900, 218,948. Capital, Ciudad Victoria (q.v.). TAMBOBONG, tam-bo'bong. A suburb of Manila, Philippines, situated about 3 miles north of the capital (Map: Luzon, E 8). Population, in 1887, 21.827; now about 2.5,000. TAMBOtTRIN, taN'boo'raN' (Fr. tambou- rine, diminutive of tamhour, drum, tabor). An 15 TAMETOMO. ancient, lively dance of Provence, in f time. It was originally accompanied by a flute and a tam- bour (drum), hence the name. TAMBOURINE. An ancient musical instru- ment of the drum type. It is composed of a piece of parchnjent, .stretched on the top of a hoop furnished with pairs of small metal plates, and is sounded by the hands, lingers, or elbow. TAMBOV, tjim-bfif. A government of Central Russia, occupying an area of 25,720 square miles (Map: Russia, F 4). Its surface is mostly Hat, in the basins of the Oka and the Don, and intersected by numerous river valleys. The re- gion is watered principally by the Voronezh and the Khoper (tributaries of the Don) and by the Moksha and the Tsna (tributaries of the Oka). Iron is found near Lipetzk, but it is little ex- ploited. Tambov is one of the most fertile gov- ernments of Russia and its southern and larger part is covered with a thick layer of black soil. Rye and oats are the principal cereals. Flax, tobacco, and sugar beets are also produced on an increasing scale. The principal manufactured products are spirits, cloth, beet sugar, flour, and tobacco. The annual value of the output is esti- mated at $12,000,000. Population, in 1897, 2,907,519. TAMBOV. The capital of the Russian Gov- ernment of Tambov, situated in a low region on the Tsna River, about 300 miles southeast of Moscow (Map: Russia, F 4). Population, in 1897, 48,134. The city was founded in 163G as a fortress against the inroads of the Tatars from the south. TAM'BURLAINE, The Great. A tragedy in blank verse, by L'hristopher Marlowe, acted iii 1587, and licensed for publication on August 14, 1590. It is in two parts, the first dealing with the many conquests of the hero, and the second with his sorrow at the death of his mistress and his own pathetic end. Its principal source is a translation of Petro Mexia's Silva de Varia Lecion, made by Tliomas Fortesque, and pub- lished under the title of The Foreste in 1571. It is especially interesting as being among the first dramas to employ the bold diction and rh'thmical freedom W'hich characterized the Elizabethan stage. TAMERLANE. See Timub. TAMERLANE. ( I ) A tragedy by Rowe, pro- duced at Lincoln's Inn Fields, in 1702, and adapted (1724) for the operatic stage to the music of Handel. The plot deals with the rivalry of the title character, who is more subdued than his prototype in Marlowe's plaj', and the vil- lainous Bajazet. The latter represents Louis XIV., the former King William III. Owing to its political significance, the play came to be produced annually at the Drury Lane, on No- vember 5th. (2) A poem by Edgar Allan Poe which gave its name to a volume of verse pub- lished by him in 1827. TAMETOMO, tjl'metr/mft. Japan's most fa- mous archer. He belonged to the great Mina- moto family and shared its misfortunes in the middle of the twelfth century. He is credited with many feats of strength and skill. He sent an arrow through the body of one man and wounded a second who stood behind him. He shot an arrow through the helmet of his own
