detail were referred to the Pope for decision. The decrees were read and subscribed by about 200 bishops on December 3 and 4, 1563, and the Council finally adjourned. The decrees were confirmed by the Pope January 26, 1564, and he also prepared a confession of faith summarizing their doctrinal features. (See Pius IV., Creed of.) In spite of opposition, the work of the Council was so clear, logical, and thorough, and so well supported by the hierarchy, that it had a permanent and far-reaching effect, setting the standard of Roman Catholic faith and practice (with the exception of the two definitions of the Innnaculate Conception and the Infallibility of the Pope) to the present day. The best modern edition of the documents relating to the Council is Tridentinum Concilium; Actorum, Epistularum, Tractatuum nova Collectio (Freiburg, 1901 et seq.), or Theiner, Acta Genuina Sacri Concilii Tridentini (Agram, 1874). The approved English translation is that of Waterworth. Works supplementary to that of the Council itself were a catechism by the Pope for parish priests and preachers, and authentic editions of the Vulgate Bible, the missal, and the breviary. A permanent tribunal at Rome, the Congregation of the Council, deals with questions which arise as to the meaning, authority, or effect of the decrees and canons of the Council. The contemporary histories of the Council were those of Fra Paolo Sarpi (see Sarpi, Paolo), Istoria del Concilio Tridentino (London, 1619; in Latin, 1620; Eng. trans. by Brent, 1676), written from a hostile, almost a Protestant point of view; and Sforza Pallavicini, Istoria del Concilio di Trento (Rome, 1656-57; revised by the author, 1666; ed., annotated by Zaccaria, 1833; French trans. by Migne, Paris, 1844), a friendly history, a reply to Sarpi. Consult also: Mendham, Memoirs of the Council of Trent (London, 1834-42); Wessenberg, Die grossen Kirchenversammlungen des fünfzehnten und sechszehnten Jahrhunderts (Constance, 1840), a Roman Catholic work; Göschl, Histoire du grand concile général de Trente (Regensburg, 1840); Maynier, Etudes historiques sur le concile de Trente (Paris, 1874); Döllinger, Sammlung von Urkunden zur Geschichte des Concils von Trient (Nordlingen, 1876). Philippson, La contre-révolution religieuse au XVIème siècle (Paris, 1884).
TRENT, William Peterfield (1862—). An American literary critic, born in Richmond, Va. He was educated at the University of Virginia and at the Johns Hopkins University. From 1888 to 1900 he was professor of English and history in the University of the South (Sewanee, Tenn.), and in 1893-1900 was dean of the academic department of that institution. In 1900 he was appointed professor of English literature in Columbia University. He founded the Sewanee Review in 1892, and edited it until 1900. He contributed articles in American literature to The New International Encyclopædia, and published the following works: English Culture in Virginia (1889); William Gilmore Simms (1892); Southern Statesmen of the Old Régime (1896); The Authority of Criticism (1899); Robert E. Lee (1899); Verses (1899); John Milton (1899); War and Civilization (1901); Progress of the United States During the Nineteenth Century (1901); and A History of American Literature (1903), besides editions of school texts of Balzac's Comédie Humaine (32 vols., 1900) and of Colonial Prose and Poetry (with B. W. Wells, 3 vols., 1901).
TRENT AFFAIR, The. A diplomatic episode growing out of the seizure by an American vessel on November 8, 1861, during the Civil War in America, of two Confederate commissioners on board a British mail steamer. In the autumn of 1861 the Confederate Government sent John Slidell and James M. Mason as commissioners to France and England respectively. They ran the blockade at Charleston and went to Havana, where they embarked for England on the British mail steamer Trent. On November 8th Capt. Charles Wilkes (q.v.) of the United States vessel San Jacinto stopped the Trent on the high seas, sent a searching party on board and arrested the commissioners, who were eventually placed in Fort Warren, Boston Harbor, as prisoners. This act was applauded by the people of the North, and by many of the political leaders, including the Secretary of the Navy; but President Lincoln and Secretary of State Seward recognized the impropriety of the act and strongly disapproved it, and when a formal demand was made by the British Minister for the surrender of the commissioners it was speedily complied with and an apology tendered, on the ground that the commissioners had been forcibly taken from a neutral vessel on the high seas and in the prosecution of a voyage from one neutral point to another. Consult Harris, The Trent Affair (Indianapolis, 1896), which contains a bibliography.
TREN′TON. A town and port of entry of Hastings County, Ontario, Canada, on both banks of the Trent at its outlet in the Bay of Quinté, Lake Ontario (Map: Ontario, F 3). It has lumbering and manufacturing interests. Population, in 1901, 4217.
TRENTON. The county-seat of Grundy County, Mo., 83 miles east by north of Saint Joseph; on the Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific, and the Omaha, Kansas City and Eastern railroads (Map: Missouri, C 1). It is the seat of Ruskin College (non-sectarian), opened in 1900, and has the Jewett Norris Free Public Library, with 6000 volumes. Trenton is largely interested in coal-mining. The Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Railroad maintains repair and machine shops here. Under a charter of 1893 the government is vested in a mayor, elected biennially, and a unicameral council. Trenton was settled in 1840, and was first incorporated in 1857. Population, in 1890, 5039; in 1900, 5396.
TRENTON. The capital of New Jersey and the county-seat of Mercer County, 57 miles southwest of New York and 33 miles northeast of Philadelphia; on the Delaware River, at the head of steamboat navigation, on the Pennsylvania and the Philadelphia and Reading railroads, and on the Delaware and Raritan Canal (Map: New Jersey, C 3).
An electric railway covers the city in every direction, and four suburban trolleys radiate in all directions to numerous towns and villages. Cadwalader Park, a beautiful public resort of 100 acres, is supplemented by several smaller parks. Riverside Park, embracing two miles of river front, is being laid out (1904). A graceful granite shaft 160 feet high and surmounted
