TKIUMPH. 477 TROCHU. he bore no sceptre, was not preceded by the sen- ate and flourish of trumpets, nor followed by his victorious troops, l>ut only by the equites and the populace, and that the ceremonies were con- cluded by the sacrifico of a sheep instead of a bull, whence, doubtless, the name ovation (from ovis, a sheep ) . Some variations of these cere- monies are found in various authorities and on various monuments. TRItTMVIKATE (Lat. triumviratus, office of a triumvir, union of three men, from triumvir, one of a board of three men associated in a public office, from trium, gen. pi. of tresi, three -|- vir, man). The name given in Roman history to the private league entered into between Pom- pey, C;i?sar, and Crassus — the three most power- ful men of their time. This compact was not a triumvirate, in the proper sense of the term; it had no legally constituted existence. The term is also applied to the division of government be- tween Octavian (Augustus), Antonius, and Lepi- dus in the civil wars that followed the murder ot Ca-sar — an arrangement sanctioned, and there- fore legalized, by the senate. The former is usiuilly called the first, the latter the second triumvirate. TRIVAN'DRITM. A military cantonment and the capital of the native State of Travancore (q.v. ), Madras, India, 53 miles southwest of Tinnevelli and about 2 miles from the Arabian Sea (Map: India, C 7). Among the features are the fort with its Maharaja palaces, the temple to Vishnu, the observatory, and the Napier JIuseum. The Maharaja College here is one of the leading institutions for higher education in India. There is also a Sanskrit college. Wood-carving is the principal industry. Population, in 1901, includ- ing cantonment, 57,882. TRIVET (or TRE VET), Nicholas (c.l258- 1328). An English historian, belonging probsibly to a Somerset family. He is said to have studied at Oxford and at Paris, and to have been a Do- minican friar in London, becoming eventually the prior of his house. He wrote extensively on the- ology and Latin literature, but he is chieil.v Icnown for his Annates sex Requm Angtiw qui a Comitibus Andeqavensibus Oriqinem Traxcruut (ed. by T. Hog' for the English Historical So- ciety, 1845). This chronicle history of the Ange- vins is particularly valuable for the reign of Edward I., the period in which the author nour- ished. The entire period covered by the Annates is from 1136 to 1307. TRIVIER, tre'vja', Eos£e Cajiille Ernest (1842 — ). A French explorer, born at Roche- fort. He served in the expedition sent out by Napoleon III. to Mexico, and afterwards spent several years in Argentina. In 1888 he was sent out by the journal La Giroiide of Bordeaux to search for the explorer Stanley. With a single white companion and two Sengalis he started from Loango on the west coast in December of 1888, and a little less than a year afterwards reached Zanzibar. LTpon his return to France he published .1/o)i. I'oi/age an continent noir. TRIV1UM (Lat., meeting of three roads). In the curriculum of the early universities, the lower section of the Seven Liberal Arts. It em- braced grammar, logic, and rhetoric. TROADES, tro'a-dez (Lat., from Gk. TptiidSes. the Trojan Women). A play by Euripides (B.C. 455), the scene of which is laid at Troy in tho Grecian camp, where the captured would have been allotted to their conquerors. The i)lay is made up of wonderful scenes of the fall of Troj', but lacks unity, and is marred by rhetorical dis- play. TROCADiiRO, trA'ka'dft'rd'. An elevation on the liglit l,:ink of the Seine, opposite the Pont d'lena, named after a Spanish fort near C'adiii taken by the French in 1823. The ground wa» laid out in terraces for the Exhibition of 1867, and for that of 1878 the present Palais du Troca- dero was erected. The building, an immense structure in Oriental style, consists of a central portion flanked bv curving wings each 220 yards in length. In the middle facade is a balcony with six allegorical bronze figures; below it a large cascade falls into a basin 196 feet in diam- eter. The building is surrounded by a small park with an aquarium, and contains a hall for concerts seating 6000, and important museums of comparative sculpture and ethnograpliy. TROCHEE, tro'ke (Lat. trochwiis, from Gk. Tpoxaios, trochaios, trochee, tribrach, running, from Tpoxis, trochos, a running, from Tpix"-', trechein, to run ) . The name of a foot, or meas- ure, in Greek and Latin verse, consisting of a long and a short syllable ( — >^ ). This rapid measure was eni])loyed both in tragedy and in comedy. By analogy the term is used in modern verse to designate a dissyllabic measure consist- ing of a stressed and an unstressed syllable; for example : When shall w6 three meet again'? See Versification. • TROCHILID-ffi, tro-kill-do. The family of the humming-birds (q.v.). TROCHILTJS, trolo-liis. (1) The typical genus of humming-birds (q.v.). (2) The ancient name of a certain plover. See Crocodile-Bikd. TROCHOID, tro'koid. See Cycloid. TROCHOSPHERE, or Trochophore. A larval form common to many of the lower in- vertebrates, which consists of an oval or pear- like body of miscroscopic minuteness, with a broader and a narrower end, and a distinct bi- lateral symmetry. The body is encircled by a double zone of strong cilia. The mouth, just behind this circlet, leads into an alimentary which winds toward the small end, where an anal aperture opens. The broader end exhibits sense-organs varying in different species in num- ber and charactei'. From this kind of larva the adult forms of the higher groups (many worms, polyzoans, mollusks, etc.) are developed by some sort of true metamorphosis, resulting in an ani- mal utterly different; but in certain very lowly groups, such as the wheel-animalcules (Rotifera) and certain closely allied microscopic aquatic forms, no metamorphosis occurs, and the adult may be looked upon as a somewhat modified troehosphere. These groups have therefore been associated by some zoologists into a phylum termed Trochelminthes. Consult Parker and Haswell, Text-bool: of Zoology (New York, 1897). TROCHtr, trfi'shi.i', Lotus Jules (1815-96). A French general, born at Palais, in the Depart- ment of ]rorbihan. After studying in the General Staff .Academy, he fought, after 1846, with great distinction in Algeria, and in 1851 became head of
