TARAPACA. 35 vated arid plain known as Pampa de Tamarugal. The wealth of the province consists chiefly in the immense depusits of nitrate, wliiuh are worked on a very extensive scale. Agri- culture is carried on to some extent along the rivers, and there are silver mines near the capital, Iquique (q.v.). There is a railway line connecting the capital with Pisagiia, the cliief seaport, and the interior. Population, in 1SS5. 45,086; in 1895, 89,751. Tarapacu was taken hy Chile from Peru in 18S0 and was formally ceded in 1884. TARARE, ta'rar'. A manufacturing town in the IXpnrtiiient of Rhone, France, at the foot of Mont Tarare, 20 miles northwest of Lyons (Map: France, L 6). In 175(5 the manufacture of muslins, for which it has since become famous, was introduced from Switzerland. The chief products of its mills are muslins, tarletans, silks, silk plush, and velvets. Population, in 1901, 12.334. TARASCO, ta-riis'kS. An ancient nation of Michoacan. Mexico, constituting a distinct lin- guistic stock. According to their traditions they migrated from the north about the same time as the Aztec tribes (see Namuatlax Stock), and about the year 1200 established their kingdom in Michoacan, maintaining their independence against the Aztec, whom they ex- celled in many culture characteristics. Their principal buildings, especially in their capital city of Tzintzuntzan, were of cut stone laid in mortar. Many of the ruins are still unexplored. Their calendar was nearly the same as that of the Aztec, and they had also a pictograph sys- tem. Their principal god was Curicaberis, the sun. The dead were cremated and both their funerals and their religious ceremonials were accompanied by human sacrifices. The}' were famous for their beautiful and dura- ble fabrics of woven feathers as well as of cot- ton, and were skillful in the working of gold and silver. They surpassed all other native tribes in their defensive armor, which consisted of helmet, cuirass, and limb protectors, all of wood covered with plates of copper or gold. In physique they were considered the tallest and handsomest people of Mexico. They still con- stitute the bulk of the population of central Michoacan. and number about 200.000. and al- though the.v have lost the art of feather weaving, they maintain their reputation for the Aveaving of beautiful rebosos and belts with figures of birds and animals, and for their lacquer work. The langtiage is vocalic and etiphonious. Despite the fact that they offered no resistance to the Spanish invasion of Mexico, their last King, Tangaxoan, was tortured to death by Ntifio de Guzman. In 1810 they were the first to revolt against the Spaniards, and thus, under Hidalgo, began the Mexican War for Independence. TARASCON, ta'ra'skOx'. A town in the De- partment of Bouches-du-RhOne. France. 13 miles southwest of Avignon, on the Rhone River (iSIap: France, L 8). It is connected with Beaucaire on the opposite bank by a suspension bridge. The twelfth-century Church of Saint ^lartha. a com- posite of the Romanesque and Gothic, occupies the site of an old Roman temple. It was rebuilt during the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries. It has a tenth-century crypt, and the tombs of TARDE. Saint Martha and Louis II. of Provence. Other objects of interest include the old Gothic castle conqjleted in the fifteenth century, and the town hall. The leading industries are silk-spinning and the manufacture of hats. Population, in 1901. 8885. Tarascon is the ancient Tarasco. (See Tarasqie. ) Daudet received here the in- spiration for his Tartarin dc Tarascon. TARASP, ta'riisp'. A village of Switzerland, in the Lower Engudine. Canton of Grisons, situ- ated on the Inn, at an altitude of 3910 feet, 3(> miles from Chur and 28 miles from Saint Moritz. It is a health resort, frequented for its mineral baths. Population, in 1900, 275. TARASQUE, ta-rask'. A monster prominent in the hpcnl folk-lore of Tarascon, France, s.iid to have been subdued bv Saint Martha in early Christian days. The myth was in existence at least as early as the twelfth century, when the cathedral was built in memory of the event. On the fete 'La Tarasque,' an ellig.y of the beast is carried in procession about the streets of Tarascon and also at Beaucaire. TARAXACUM. See Dandelion. TAR'BELL, Edmund C. (1862-). An Ameri- can painter, born in West Groton, Mass. He was a pupil of Boulanger and Lefebvre. Light and air are what he seems to seek in his out-of- doors work, and he achieves this, not only through truth of color, but by a certain freeness and fragility of touch which contribute much to the sense of mobility and life in his landscapes and figtires. His color is pure, and at times full of strength. TARBELL, Ida Minerva (1857—). An American author, born in Erie County, Pa. She graduated at Allegheny College in Meadville, Pa., and from 1883 until 1891 was associate editor of The Chautauqtian. From 1891 until 1894 she was in Paris, studying at the Sorbonne and at the Coll&ge de France. On her return she he- came an associate editor of McClure's Maga;:ine. Her publications inchide: Short Life of Napoleon Bonaparte (1895): Life of Madame Roland (189(3): Early Life of Ahraham Lincoln (in collaboration with J. McDavis, 1896) ; Life of Abraham Lincoln (1900); and History of the Standard Oil Company (1903). TARBES, tiirb. The capital of the Depart- ment of Hautes-Pyrenees, France, on the left bank of the Adour, 32 miles bv rail northeast of Pan (Jlap; France, G 8). The cathedral, dating from the twelfth centtiry with a fine octagonal lantern tower, and the prefecture, formerlv the episcopal palace, are the most noteworthy build- ings. The town has also a librarv (22.000 volumes). It is well known for a breed of light horses, and has manufacttires of woolens, ma- chinery, and canno7i. The town became a bishop- ric in 420 and in mediipval times was the capi- tal of the County of Ricorre. It was occupied for forty .years by the English during the four- teenth century. Population, in 1901, 26,055. TARDE, tiird, Gabriel ( 1S43-1904) . A French soeiolo.^ist and criminologist: Born at the little town of Sarlat (Dordogne), he passed nearl.y twenty years there as magistrate and jufje d'instrurtion. In 1880 he began to con- tribute to the Rerue Philo.irjphiqiie. and gradu- ally won his way to reputation, which was as-
