TRUMBULL. 495 TRUMBULL. from 1849 to 18(i3 was secretary of the Connecti- cut Historical f^ociety, and was its president from 1863 until liis death. He was one of the editors of tlic Colonial Records of Connecticut (15 vols., 1850-1I0) ; he also edited the Memorial History of Hartford County (188(5) ; and he prepared an edition of T. Lechford's Plain Dealing (1807), and of Roger Williams's Key into the Indian Language (1866). His own publications in- clude: The Composition of Indian (geographical Karnes (1870) ; The Best Method of '.Studying the Indian Languages (1871) : Bistorie<il Xotes on the Constitution of Connecticut (1872) ; The True Blue Laws of Connecticut, and the False Blue Laws Invented by Rev. Samuel Peters (1876) ; and Indian Names of Places in and on the Borders of Connecticut, with Interpretations (1881). He also wrote numerous articles in his particular fields of study, and also secured fur- tlicr recognition as a bibliographer by preparing the catalogue of George Brinley's library (1878- 97). TRUMBULL, John (1750-1831). An Ameri- ican judge and poet, born in Watertown, Conn. Precocious in childhood, he passed his examina- tions for Yale at the age of seven, but spent six further years in preparatory stud}-, and was not graduated until 1767. Tw'O years later he wrote essays in imitation of Addison for local journals. In 1771 he became tutor at Yale, studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1773, having al- ready signalized his satiric powers in The Prog- ress of Dullness (1772). To this he added a second and third part in 1773, and in that year entered the law office of John Adams in Boston. At New Haven in 1774 he composed the first ])ortion of his most famous satire, McFingal, a mock epic after the fashion of Hudihras. Dur- ing the Revolutionary War he lived in Westbury and Hartford, where he completed McFingal (1782). This work became very popular, no less than thirty pirated editions being known to col- lectors. From it is taken the familiar quotation "A thief ne'er felt the halter draw With good opinion of the law." His political writing after the Revolution was Federalist in spirit and a protest against anarchical tendencies. His poet- ical works were collected in 1820. He cooperated with the famous Hartford Wits in the Anrirehiad, and was State Attorney ( 1789) . legislator (1792, 1800), and Superior Court judge from 1801 to 1819. when he moved to Detroit, where he died. McFingal, which may be best read in the edition of B. .J. Lossing (1860), is a vigorous produc- tion, and, though lacking in sprightliness, is one of the few Revolutionary poems worth a glance to-day. TRUMBULL, .Johk ( 1756-1843) . An Ameri- can historical and portrait painter. The son of .Tonathan Trumbull. Governor of Connecticut, he was born at Lebanon, Conn., June 6, 1756, graduated at Harvard in 1773, and two years later entered the Continental Army. Having made for Washington a plan of the British works before Boston Neck, he was appointed an aide- de-camp, and the following year a deputy adju- tant-general under Gates. He retired from the army in 1777, but in 1778 he took part as a vol- unteer in General Sullivan's expedition to Rhode Island; and in 17S0 he became a pupil of Benja- min West, in London. The news of Andre's exe- cution fastened upon him the suspicion of being a spy, and he was imprisoned for eight months. In 1782 he returned to.mericaand remained untilthe Peace of Paris had been signed, when he went back to London to continue his .studies. In 1784 he went to Paris, where, in ctjnsultation with Thomas Jef- ferson, he painted his first historical |ii(lure. "The Signing of the Declaration of Independence." This picture and those of the "Surrender of Burgoyne," "Surrender of Cornwallis," "Resig- nation of Washington at Annapolis," hang in the Capitol at Wasliington. Most of his pictures are at the Art Gallery of Yale College, to which he presented them in return for an an- nuity of .$1000. Among the principal are the "Battle of Bunker Hill" (1786); "Death of Jlontgoniery" (1781); "Battle of Prince- ton." "Battle of Trenton," and portraits of Washington, Hamilton, the Duke of Wel- linc;ton, and others. Other well-known por- traits by him are those of Washington, George Clinton, .John Jay, and Alexander Hamilton, in the New York City Hall : of General and Mrs. Washington in the National JIuseum, Washing- ton : of .Tohn Adams, of his father, .Jonathan Trumbull, and of Rufus King. Although not of the highest rank, his work is good in composition and color, and is pervaded by a healthy realism. In 1794 he served under -jay as secretary of legation in England; and from 1816 to 1825 was president of the Academy of Fine Arts, New York, in which city he died, November 10, 1843. Consult his Autobiography (New York, 1841); Durand, in American Art Review (1881). TRUMBULL, .Jonathan (1710-85). An American patriot and political leader, born at Lebanon, Conn. He graduated at Harvard in 1727, studied for the ministry, and for a time held a pastorate at Colchester, Conn., but in 1731 joined his father in mercantile pursuits, ileanwhile he began the study of law, and in 1733 was sent to the General Assembly, of which he became Speaker in 1739. In 1740 he was ap- pointed Governor's assistant, in which position he was retained for many years; and from 1766 to 1769 he was Deputy Governor, and as such the ex-officio Chief Justice of the Superior Court of Connecticut. From 1769 to 1783 he was Governor, and at the outbreak of the Revo- lutionary War was the only one of the colonial Governors who gave his unqualified support to the Patriot Party. At the close of the war he was prominent as an advocate of a strong federal government. According to a long accepted tradition he was called by Washington "Brother .Jonathan,' a phrase which later came into general iise to personify the United States. See Nationai, Nickn.^me.s. TRUMBULL, Jonathan (17401809). An .merican political leader, the son of .Tonathan Trumbull ( 1710-85) , born at Lebanon. Conn. He graduated at Harvard. 1750; was for several years in the State Legislature; was paymaster- general of the Northern Department from July, 1775, to July, 1778; and was military secretary to General Washington, with the rank of lieu- tenant-colonel, in 1781-83. He was a Federalist member of Congress from 1789 to 1795, being Speaker of the House in 1701-95; was a member of the United States Senate in 1795-96; was
