TUTUILA. 580 TWEED. luxuriant forests and there are numerous signs of volcanic activity. Tutuila contains the best harlior of the Samoan group. Pago I'ago (q.v.) or Pango Pango. The exports from the island in 1901, consisting cliiefly of copra, amounted to $22,.3n8, while the imports were valued at $82.- 165. The population is estimated at 3800, chief- 1,V Samoans. Tutuila, together with the Manua group and a few other islands belonging to the United States, is administered bv a naval Gov- ernor. The cliief town is Leone, on the southern coast. See Samoan Islands. TUXTLA GUTIERREZ, toos'tla goo't-6- jlr'rfts. The capital of the State of Chiapas, Mexico, 270 miles southeast of Vera Cruz (Map: Mexico, M 9). The principal building is the C4overnment palace. The main industries are tanning, indigo preparations, and general com- merce. Population of the municipalit.v, in 1895, 10,982. TTJY, toTk'e. A Spanish frontier town of the Province of Pontevedra, in Galicia, on the right bank of the Mino, 03 miles north of Oporto, Por- tugal (Map: Spain, A 1). The cathedral is a fortress-like structure. The international iron bridge spanning the Mino is worthy of note. The town is in the midst of the fertile Vega del Oro, celebrated for the culture of fruits, vegetables, and silks. Tanneries and soap factories, with a brisk trade with Portugal, form the chief indus- tries of the town. The population of the ayunta- miento in 1900 was 11,031. TITY. A town of Luzon, Philippines, in the western part of the Province of Batangas. It lies about 24 miles northwest of Batangas (Map: Luzon, D 11). Population, 10,150. TVASHTAR, tviish'tar (Skt. tvastr, crea- tor, from tvaks, tales, to fashion; connected with Av. eiraxS, to create, Gk. t4ktuv, tekton, carpenter, rfxTeiv, tiktein, to beget, Lat. texere, to weave, OChurch Slav, ieshi, OHG. dchsala, axe). A divinity of Vedic Hindu mythology. He is es])ccially the divine artificer, and among his chief works are the thunderbolt of Indra (q.v.) and a cup for the beverage of the gods. Similarly he is the deity who fashions all living forms, both of men and of animals, so that in later texts he is said to have produced the whole world, and to have been the ancestor of all man- kind. He is also a creator of gods, particularly of Brihaspati (q.v.), Agni (q.v.), and, probably, Indra, although this god caused his sire to tremble. The mythological basis of Tvasbtar is very doubtful. Of the numerous explanations proposed, that which makes him the creative aspect of the sun, with the moon as his cup, is perhaps the most plausible. (/Onsult Macdonell, Vedic Mythology (Strassburg, 1897). TVER, tver. A government of Central Rus- sia. Area, 25,225 square miles (Map: Russia, E 3). The surface is largely an elevated plain intersected by ileep river valleys. The north- western part is hilly. The government is watered chiefly by the Upper Volga with its tributaries and the Dvina. The soil is not fertile and the supply of grain is insullicient to meet the do- mestic demand. The household irtdustry is well developed, entire sections of the government being engaged in the production of footwear, felt goods, linen, nails, axes, agricultural implements, etc. The local manufactures in 1898 yielded an output of $10,000,000, chiefly cotton goods, flour, leather, spirits, etc. Population, in 1897, 1,812,- 825. TVER. The capital of the Government of Tver, situated on the Volga, 298 miles southeast of Saint Petersburg (Map: Russia, R 3). It has a thirteenth-century monastery and an Im- perial palace occupied by the Governor. Tver is one of the chief cotton-manufacturing centres of Russia. There are also flour mills, wagon factories, saw mills, etc. Po]nilation, in 1897, 53,477. Tver dates from 1180 and was the capi- tal of an independent principality from the thirteenth century to the end of the fifteenth, when it was annexed to Moscow. TWACHTMAN, John Henry (18.53-1902). An American landscape painter, born in Cincin- nati, Ohio. He was a pupil at the Cincinnati School of Design, and of Frank Duveneck. and studied in Munich under Liiff'ts. and with Bou- langer and Lefebvre in Paris. He has been con- sidered one of the most consistent of American impressionists. Some of his later landscapes show many subtle effects of light, and sensitive gradations of tone. In delicate elusive color schemes he is more successful than in preten- tious paintings, such as the Niagara and Yel- lowstone Park series. His sketches in pastel, such as "Wild Flowers," "Meadow Flowers," and "The Old Gate," are among the most personal and delightful of his productions. His other works include: "Snow Storm;" "Melting Snow;" "Hemlocks;" "The Poplars;" "Willows and Gold- en Rod:" "Inner Harbor, CJloucester;" and "Dry- ing Sails." TWAIN, Mark. See Clemens, Samuel L. TWAITE. A poor sort of European shad {Ciupea finta). See Allice. TWEED. A river of southern Scotland. It rises 15 miles southwest of Edinburgh and flows in a generally eastward direction, emptving into the North Sea at Berwick (Map: Scotland, F 4). It is 97 miles long, but unnavigable. For 18 miles of its lower course it forms the bound- ary between England and Scotland, and it flows through one of the most historic regions of Great Britain, the celebrated 'Borders.' TWEED. A twilled woolen fabric (see We.wing), often woven in two colors, the yarn being dvcd before weaving. It is a soft, flexible, durable material, unmixed with shodd.v or cot- ton. Its name is derived from the locality where it was first manufactured — in villages along the Tweed, in Scotland. TWEED, William Marcy (1823-78). A no- torious American politician, leader of the so- called 'Tweed Ring,' born in New York City. He was the son of a chair-maker, was prepared for the same occupation, receiving slight education, and early entered politics, becoming an alder- man of New Y'ork City, and taking a seat in Congress in 1853. Subsequently he was a School Conunissioner : became a member of the Board of Sujiervisors of New York Countv. and was presi- dent of the board for four successive terms. From 1867 to 1871 he was a State Senator. A member of the Tammany Society for many years,
