TYROL. 604 TYRT^ffiUS. Vereinigung Tirols mit Oesterreich (Innsbruck, 1864) ; Eggcr, Geschichte Tirols (ib., 1872-80). TYROLIENNE, te'ro'lyen' (Fr., Tyiolese). A Tyrolese dance, or danee-song. It is best heard in the Zillertlial, in the Tyrolese Alps. A characteristic feature is the Jodler. See Jodeln. TYRONE, ti-rOn' (Ir., Tii-oueii, Owen's country). .Vn inland county of Ulster. Ireland, bounded north by Londonderry, east by Armagh and Lough Neagh. south by Monaghan and Fer- managh, and west by the last-named county and Donegal (Map: Ireland, D 2 ) . Area, 1260 square miles. The principal rivers are the Blackwater, the Foyle, and the ilourne. The north- western mountains rise in Slieve Sawel to a height of 2236 feet. Between Dungannon and Stewarts- town there is a small but productive coal-field. The soil of the plain is fertile; the hilly districts are sandy or gravelly, and devoted to pasturage. There are manufactures of linens and coarse woolens and earthenware. Population, in 1S41, 313,000; in 1851. 255,700; in 1891, 171,401; in 1901, 150,470. The capital is Omagh. TYRONE. A borough in Blair County, Pa., 15 miles northeast of Altoona, on the Little Juniata River, and on the Pennsylvania Rail- road (Map: Pennsylvania C 3). It has consid- erable commercial importance, being an outlet for the Clearfield coal fields, and is noted especial- ly for the manufacture of various paper prod- ucts. There are iron works, tube works, plan- ing mills, a tannery, and box and shoe factories, Tyrone is also an important railroad junction and has large repair shops. The Birmingham Female Seminary is three miles distant. The government is vested in a burgess, elected every three years, and a unicameral council. Tyrone was settled about ISll, and was incorporated in 1857. Population, in 1890, 4705; in 1900, 5847. , TYRONE, HiuH O'Neill, second Earl of (1540?-1616). An Irish soldier and revolution- ist. He was the grandson of the first Earl, his father, who was illegitimate, being Baron of Dugannon. His elder brother was murdered in 1562, and Hugh became Baron of Dugannon, for precaution being sent to England. In 1568 he returned to Ireland, and for some years had great difficulty in maintaining his position against his encroaching kinsmen. In 1580 he commanded a troop of horse in Munster against the rebel Earl of Desmond, and in 1583 was ap- pointed commander of the northern marches. In 1585 he was allowed to style himself the Earl of Tyrone, and, strengthening his power in 1587, visited England to petition for a restitution of the whole of the lands granted to his putative grandfather by Henry VIII. In this he was un- successful, and, resenting the visit of commis- sioners sent to arbitrate his differences with his rivaL Turlough Luineach, he attacked the latter, but was defeated. He was placed under restraint and shortly afterwards pardoned, but he en- tered on a course of intrigue to separate Ireland from England, offered the crown of Ireland to Philip II. of Spain, and after a comparatively successful campaign, in which he defeated Sir John Norris, he killed his brother-in-law. Sir H. Bagnal, and effected a truce with the Earl of Essex. In 1601 he was worsted by Lord Mount- joy, to wliora he surrendered about the begin- ning of 1603. He was soon after pardoned. In 1607, being suspected of again conspiring, he fled to Brussels, afterwards proceeding to Rome, where he lived in penury until his death, on a small pension allowed him by the Pope and the Spanish King. TYROTOXICON (Nco-Lat., from (Jk. rupit. /.(/'■OS, cheese + toJikAi-, toxikon, poison). An alka- loid isolated from poisonous cheese, by Victor C. Vaughan, of Jlichigan, in 1885, and named by him in ignorance of the fact that Kuhn, of Leip- zig, had given this name in 1824 to "a poisonous principle formed in cheese by putrefaction." Vaughan obtained his crystallizable principle by making a clear, filtered aqueous extract of the suspected cheese, which was highly acid, then treating with ether and evaporating the ether. His finding was corroborated bv Schaeffer, Stan- ton, Firth, Ladd, Wolff, Novy.'and others. The principle has been found in ice-cream and cream puff's, as well as in milk. To obtain it from -poisonous milk, the milk (normally acid) is fil- tered, neutralized with sodium carbonate, agitated with ether, and allowed to stand twenty- four hours, after which the ether is evaporated. Tlic residue is acidified with nitric acid and then treated with an equal volume of a saturated solu- tion of potassium hydrate, and heated. The tyro- toxicon crystallizes in beautiful six-sided plates along with prisms of potassium nitrate. The chemical character of tyrotoxicon is not well de- fined. The symptoms of tyrotoxicon poisoning are vomiting, diarrhcea, pain over the stomach, coat- ed tongue, feeble and irregular pulse, pale and cyano.sed face. In some cases the body is covered with spots. In others there is marked dryness and constriction of the throat. In all there is marked nerve exhaustion. The treatment of tyro- toxicon poisoning consists in emptying and Hush- ing the digestive tract, and supporting the heart. TYR'RELL, Robert Yelverton (1844—). An Irish classical philologist, born at Ballin- garry. County Tipperary. Ireland, and educated at Trinity College. Dublin. He was appointed fellow of Trinity College in 1868. was made pro- fessor of Latin in 1871, and held the office of regius professor of Greek from 1880 to 1898. He was a frequent contributor to English re- views, and edited and translated many classi- cal works. The most important of his works are an edition, with Purser, of the Correspondence of Cicero (1879-1900) : Bacch<r of Euripides (2d ed. 1897) ; Troades (2d ed. 1897) ; Miles Glori- osus of Plaiitus (2d ed. 1886) ; Latin Poetry (1895). TYRRHE'NIAN SEA (Lat. Tyrrhcnum mare). That part of the Mediterranean Sea which is inclosed between the islands of Corsica and Sardinia on the west, Sicily on the south, and the Italian peninsula on the east (Map: Italy, F 7). TYRT.a:'TTS (Lat.. from Gk. Trprnioc, Tipraiof. Tyrtaios) (fl. c. 630 B.C.). A Greek lyric poet, famous for his political elegies and marching songs. According to Attic tradition, he was a lame schoolmaster of Aphidna'. in At- tica, of low birth, whom the .Athenians, ignorant of his lyric power and jealous of the Lacedse- monians, sent to Sparta when the Lacedse- monians, at the advice of Delphic .pollo, asked them for assistance against the Messenians. The
