u UThc twenty-first letter of the Eng- lish alphabet. The Phoenician al- phabet ended with t (q.v.) and u was the first of the letters developed in Greek and added to its alphabet to supply the deficiency of the Phoe- nician. Originally U was the uncial and cursive form, and V the capital form. The two were dif- ferentiated about the fifteenth century A.U., when Vwas limited to representing the consonant sound. Before the fifteenth century small v and » were used interchangeably. In English u represents a variety of .sounds besides its original value, which is that of a rounded back vowel, the » in rude. It stands also for the sound iioo, as educate, mule, value. It is pronounced like oo in rule, ruby, ruin; 66 in full, pull, push; aa in Turk, turnip, turpentine, urge; il (unrounded) in tub, up, muff. A u is always written after q (q.v.). In this case it has the consonantal value of w, which it has also often after other consonants, especially g and s, as in (fuick, quartz, quote; language, anguish, guaca: siiai-e. dissuade. It is silent in guard, tongue, build, etc. The sources of u arc as follows: Anglo-Saxon M, as sun from sunnc : begun front begunnen ; nut from hnutu; Anglo-Saxon u, as u» from i'(s; but from biitan : up from iip; Anglo-Saxon o, as must from niostc. In chemistry U stands for uranium. XJAKARI, wa-ka're. See OuAKARl. TJARAYCU, wa-rl'koo. A peculiar tribe on the Lower -lurua and Jutay rivers, and the adjacent portion of the Amazon, Western Brazil. They whip their youths to test their manhood, and try the fortitude of their maidens by hanging them up in a net over a smoking fire, where they are kept without food until unable to endure any longer. Girls are betrothed in childhood and the young man must hunt game for his bride long before he is permitted to marry her. They l)urn their dead and bury the ashes in their hvits. TJARDA, o5-ar'da. The second of the Egyp- tian historical novels by Georg Ebers (1877). The action takes place in Egypt during the reign of Rameses II., and it gives a masterly picture of Egyptian life of that period. TJATTPE, wa'oo-p.'i'. An extensive group of tribes, probably remotely of Arawakan stock (q.v.). residing on the Uaupi's RivcT. a head- .stream of the Rio Negro, in ScHitheastern Colom- bia. They derive their name from a small water bird with a smootli and glistening forehead, in al- lusion to their habit of rubbing the face with certain leaves to render it smooth and shining. They cultivate corn, tobacco, manioc, cane, and bananas, are exjierts with the bow, lance, and blowgun, and are great fishermen. They live in large communal houses, sometimes nearly 100 feet square, with a roof nearly 40 feet high sup- ])orted by cohmms hewn from the trunks of trees. They make hammocks, pottery, and baskets, and use canoes hollowed out from tree trunks. The men wear the G-string, feather head-dresses, and amulets of white quartz suspended from the neck. The women go entirely naked. Those of the same clan are not allowed to intermarry. Each comnumal household has its hereditary chief. In physique they are tall, stout, and well made, and are reputed to be among the most in- dustrious tribes of the Amazon region. UAUPES, watio-p.is'. A large tributary of the Rio Negro, considered by some geographers as the true head-stream of that river (Jlap: Brazil, D 3). It rises in the Eastern Cordillera of the Colombian Andes, descends from the high- lands' in a series of falls and rapids, and flows southeastward to its confluence with the main stream in Northwestern Brazil. It is over 700 miles long, and navigable in its low'er covirse over the yilains. TJBALDINI, oo'bal-de'ne, Petruccio (1524?- IGOO?). An Italian illuminator and scholar of Tuscan birth. He went to England in 1545, and in the reign of Edward VI. fought in the Scot- tish wars. At this period of his life he wrote Relalinne delle cose del regno d'lnghillerra (1551), wherein he records his experiences of English manners and institutions. In 1580 he visited Ireland and compiled an account of the unsuccessful Spanish-Italian invasion of Kerry. His Vita di Karlo ilagno Imperatorc (1581) was the first Italian book printed in England. XJBANGI, ub.an'gl. A river of Central Africa, the hirgest northern tributary of the Congo (Map: Congo Free State. C 2) . It is known also as the Jlobangi (near its mouth), the Dua (19° to 20° E.). the Koyu (21° to 22° E.). and the Makua and Welle (in its upper course). The river, probablv rising in about 3° N. and 28° E., touches a point about 5° 10' N. and H'" 40' E., here turns south, soon forming the Zongo rapids,
- ind finally joins the Congo in about 0° 30' S. and
17° 50' E. after a course of about 1500 miles.
