UDINE. 610 UFA. UDINE, oo'de-nfi. The capital of the Prov- ince of Udiiic, Italy, in a fertile, highly cultivated plain on the Roja Canal, 84 miles by rail north- east of Venice (Map: Italy, H 1). It consists of an inner and an outer town separated by fortiti- calions. The streets are crooked and narrow, but it is an agreeable city. In the centre of the town rises a hill crowned by a castle, now used as a barracks, dating from 1517. Tlie chief square lies at the southern base of the hill. Tlie imposing municipal palace, in the style of the Doges' Palace of Venice, contains a large marble statue of Ajax, and some excellent mural paintings. The Roman- esque cathedral possesses a finely sculptured por- tal. Udine has a handsome theatre, a splendid archiepiseopal palace with historic memories, a school of industrial arts, and a technical insti- tute. There is a small public garden, and the ar- tistic house of the painter Giovanni da Udine is shown. In the Palazzo Bartolini there are a mu- nicipal museum of antiquities, paintings by Gio- vanni da Udine, and a library of over 27,000 volumes. Udine has one of the most inique and beautiful countries in the world. The city manufactures silks, velvets, leather, metal-ware, paper, and sugar. The chief trade is in flax and hemp. Population (commune), in 1881, 32,020; in 1901, 37,942. Udine. the ancient Utina, was an important city in the Middle Ages. In the thirteenth cen- tury it became the capital of Friuli. In 1420 it passed to Venice. Near Udine is the small but interesting town of Cividale del Friuli (q.v.), the ancient Forum Julii. UDINE, Giovanni da (c.I485-1564) . An Italian painter, born at Udine. He was the pupil of Giorgione in Venice and of Raphael in Rome. The latter he assisted in decorating the loggie of the Vatican. The arabesques and borders of conventional design are almost entirely the work of Giovanni. His work is principally in Rome. It includes the garlands which surround the "His- tory of Cupid and Psyche" in the Farnesina (de- signed by Raphael), decorations of painting and stucco in the Palazzo Madama, decorations in Clement VIT.'s Torre di Borgia and in the Pa- lazzo Massimi alle Colonne. Of the easel pic- tures atributed to him, the only authentic one is a "Madonna Enthroned" (1517) in Bergamo (Frizzoni collection). UEBEE.WEG, u'ber-v.^G, Friedrich (1826- 71). A German philosopher, born at Leichlingen, Prussia. He was educated at Gottingen and Ber- lin, and in 1802 was made professor of philosophy at Konigsberg, where he remained till his death. His most important works are his System der Logik und Geschichte dcr logischen Lehren (1857;" 5th ed. 1882: Eng. trans, of the 3d ed. by Lindsay, London, 1871), and his Gruiidris.i der Geschichte der Philosophic (18G3- 66: 8th ed., rev. by M. Heinze, 1804-98; Eng. trans, of the 4th ed. by Morris, New York, 1871). Consult F. A. Lange.' Friedrich XJeherweg (Ber- lin, 1871) ; M. Brasch, Die ^Yel^- itnd Lehensan- schauiing Friedrich Vcierwegs nebst eincr Uographisch- historischen Einleitung (Leipzig, 1889). UECHTBITZ, uK'trits. Friedrich von (1800- 75). A German dramatic poet and novelist, born at Giirlitz, Silesia. He studied Jurisprudence at Leipzig and held various judicial positions at Treves and Diisseldorf. Of several tragedies, Alexander and Darius (1827), with a preface by Tieck, was produced in Dresden, Berlin, and Vienna. Das Ehrenschicert also met with a fa- vorable reception. The dramatic poem Die Bahy- loiiier in. Jerusalem (1836), while little adapted to the stage, is distinguished by brilliant diction. His best known novels are Der Briider der Brailt (1860), a religious-patriotic tale, and Eleazar { 1867), a romance of the great Judean war. He also published Blicke in das Diisscldorfer Kunst- und Kiinstlerlehen (1839-42). Consult Erin- nerungen an- Friedrich von Uechtritz und seine Zeit in Brie fen von ihm und an ihn (Leipzig, 1884), with a preface by Sybel. UECHTRITZ, KuNO vON (1856—). A Ger- man sculptor, born at Breslau. He studied at the Vienna Academy under Tilgner, to whose in- thience is to be attributed his fon<lness for the Baroque and Rococo style, manifest in his early portrait busts. Subsequently he turned to poly- chrome work, carrying it from softer tints to thoroughly naturalistic treatment, of which an "Italian Pifferaro with His Monkey," in the Na- tional Gallery, Berlin, is an example. After his removal to Beilin in 1886 he took up decorative and monumental sculpture, earning I'eputation with several fountain designs, enlivened by myth- ological ideal, and genre figures, and animals, and displaying a subtle sense of humor. For the Siegesallee he executed the group with the statue of Elector George William (1899), and for Breslau the Moltke Monument, with the Norse goddess of Victory offering the laurel to Moltke. UFA, oi^fa. A government of Eastern Rus- sia. Area, 47,130 square miles (Map: Russia, J 3). The eastern portion has a mountainous surface, being traversed by offshoots of the Ural Mountains, running in densely wooded ridges parallel to the main mass. The western part has a steppe-like appearance with an incline toward the Kama. This river forms the western boundary line of the government and its naviga- ble tributary, the Byelaya. intersects it in a di- rection from southeast to northwest. The climate is severe, but very healthful. Ufa is a highly mineralized region containing deposits of iron, copper, coal, petroleum, sulphur, etc. The mining industries, however, are as yet little developed. Agriculture employs only a part of the popula- tion, as the inhabitants ai-e largely nomadic and engaged in stock-breeding. About 35 per cent, of the area is under cultivation, chiclly under rye, oats, and wheat. The holdings are generally large, and the use of improved machinery is nn the increase. A very important dairy product is kumiss. The manufacturing industries are con- nected to a large extent with mining, and the chief iron and steel works are situated at Zlatoust (q.v.). Other manufactures are spirits, leather, soap, and candles. The population in 1900 was estimated at 2.420.652, of whom the Russians constituted about 45 per cent., the re- mainder consisting of Bashkirs, Tatars, and Meshteheryaks. UFA. The capital of the Government of Via. in Eastern Russia, situated on the Byelaya, near its junction with the Ufa. 326 miles by rail east-northeast of Samara (Map: Russia, J 4). Population, in 1897, 49,961.
