USSHEK. 771 trSTYTJG VELIKY. Clonmacnoisc in lOil and in 1023 constituted hiui a Privy Councilor of Ireland. In l(i24-25 he was raised to the highest ecclesiastical dignity in Ireland, tlio Archbishopric of Arniagli. In 1U32 Usslier published l'e(cn(/» Hpiylo- Uirum Hihcniicariiiii Si/Uoge, a collection of letters out of several ancient MSS., concern- ing the state of the Irish Church from 502 to IISO; in 1G38, Immaiuirl, or the Mi/slcri/ of the Incarnation; in 1G3!I, Britannicarum Ecclcsiarum .inti(juitates, an account of the British Church from the first planting of Christianity to the end of the seventh century; in 1041, The Judij- ment of Doctor Rainololdes touching the Originall of h'i)iscoiJiic!/ coiilirnicti : and TIic Driijinall of Bishops. WlicM the Civil War broke out, I'ssher, who was in England at the time, espoused the side of the King, refused to sit, when nominated, among the assembly of divines at Westminster, and made himself obnoxious to the Parliament by the sermons which he preached at Oxford. When the fortunes of the King began to decline, Ussher left Oxford; his property and revenues in Ireland were seized, and after a residence in Wales and elsewhere, he came to London, where in 1047, in spite of his Royalist sympathies, he was chosen by the benchers prcaclier of Lin- coln's Inn, a post which he retained till his death at Eeigate, March 21, 1050. Cromwell ordered his remains to be interred with great magnifi- cence in Erasmus's Chapel in Westminster Ab- bey. fssher's chief works, besides those already mentioned, are his edition ( 1044) of the Epistolm of Polycarp and Ignatius ; his treatise De Ro- manw Ecclesiw Symholo Apostolico Diatribe (1047) ; Dissertatio de Maccdonum et Asiiinorum Anno Solari (1048) ; and Amials of the Old Tes- tament (1650-54), a chronological work. After his death there were published (from his numer- ous MSS.) Chronolo(iia Sacra, etc. (Oxfonl, 1000), by which and his Annals he is most widely known. These chronological calculations long appeared in the inner margin of the Bible in the Authorized Version. The most frequently reprinted work attributed to him is the post- humous i^frange and Rrinnrl-ahlr Projihccics and Predictions of James Vssher (London, 1078; new ed. 1825). A collected edition of Ussher's works, in 71 vols., with a new biography, was published at Dublin in 1841-04 by C. R. Elrington and J. H.Todd. Consult also the L/fr bv Carr (London, ] 805 ) , and W. B. Wright, The 'Vsshcr Memoirs (Dublin, 1880). USSTJRI, oo-s7>o're. A right-bank tributary of the lower Amur (Map: Asia, N 4). Its head- streams rise to the northeast of Vladivostok. After a course of 00 miles it receives the Sun- gachi, which drains Lake Khangka. The Sun- gachi and, below their confluence, the Ussuri, form the boundary between Slanchuria and the Russian Maritime Province, a navigable water- way 478 miles in length. The general course of the I'ssuri is northeasterly, and it joins the Amur in 48° 10' N., 134° 53' E., at the village of Kazakevichova, a little west of Khabarovsk. For a large part of its course the Ussuri is par- alleled by the Russian railway connecting Kha- barovsk and Vladivostok. ITST-BYELOKALITVENSKAYA, Cost bye'- 16-ka'let-ven'ska-ya. A Cossack settlement in the Province of the Don Cossacks, southeastern Russia, on the Donctz, about 70 miles n<irtheast of Tcherkask. Population, in 1807, 18,030. TJSTILAGINALES, iis'tl-hlj'i-na'lGz (Neo- Lat. nom. pi., from Lat. ustilago, plant of the thistle kind, from urcre, Skt. us, to burn). A group of jiarasitit fungi conunonly called 'snmts,* and found on (lowering [)lants, whose lloral parts and ovaries especially are subject to the attack. Some smuts are very destructive, as corn snuit (Vstilago maydis) and the stinking smut of wheat (Tilhtia tritica). The vegetative myce- lium of the smut is inconspicuous until the sea- son is well advanced and the ovary shoiild begin to ripen. Tlicn the ovary and the adioining floral parts become filled with the fungal fila- ments, causing grotesque malformations. At the end of the season this mycelium becomes trans- formed into immense quantities of resting spores (chlamydospores) that probably correspond to the teleutospores of the rusts ( Credinales, q.v.). These escape as a black powder, and survive the winter, germinating with the return of spring. The spore develops a short filament (promyce- lium), which exhibits far greater variation of structure than in the rusts. Numbers of minute spores (sporidia) are developed by the promy- celium, and, falling upon the seedlings and yovuig plants of the proper host, germinate, sending the germ tubes through the stomata into the tissues. U8TILAGINALES. 1, Development of spores ; 2 and 3. germination of spores promycelia, and (using sporidia; 2, Ustilago; 3. Tilletia. For a general account of the Ustilaginales con- sult: Engler and Prantl, Die natiirli^hrn P/lan- zenfamilicn (Leipzig, 1887), and Plowright, British Urcdinccv and Vstiluginoce. TJST-MEDVYEDITZA, oTist med-^7•ed'rt-sft. A Cossack settlement in the Province of the Don Cossacks, Southeastern Russia, situated on the right bank of the Don, near its confluence with the ]Iedvyeditza. Population, in 1807, 15,000. USTYUG VELIKY, us-tyuk' vj-S-ly^kS. A town in the Government of Vologda, Russia, sit- uated at the junction of the Sukhona with the Yug, 303 miles northeast of Vologda (Map: Russia, G 2). Population, in 1807, 11,300.
