of translating the Bible into Aral)ic. Ultimately he entirely rewrote the translation in the style of the Koran. He was the manager of the Slis- siou Press at Beirut from 1857 to 1880; physi- cian to Saint John's Hospital and professor of pathology in the Syrian Protestant College there from 1857 to 1882, when he became physician at Saint George's Hospital. When he had completed his translation of the Bible he came to Xew York to superintend its printing by the American Bible Society, and taught Hebrew in Union Theo- logical Seminar.y in that city, 18G6-67. He made many translations of religious, scientific, and medical works into Arabic.
VAN DYCK, Ernest (1861 — ). A Dutch
tenor singer, born at Antwerp. He studied in
Paris under Bax Saint-Yves. In 188G he was
engaged to sing the role of Parsifal, in which his
success was instantaneous, and through which he
obtained a world-w'ide reputation. In 1888 he
was engaged for the Vienna Court opera, and
subsequently made many tours of Europe and
America. He became an especial favorite in
Chicago and Xew York.
VAN DYKE, Henry (18.52—). An Ameri-
can clergyman, writer, and educator, born in Ger-
mantown. Pa. He graduated at the College of
New .Jerse}', Princeton (1873), at the Princeton
Theological Seminary ( 1877 ) , and at Berlin Uni-
versity (1878). From 1878 to 1882 he was pas-
tor of the United Congregational Church of New-
port, R. I., and then of the Brick Presbyterian
Church, New Y'ork City, till 1900, when' he ac-
cepted a professorship of English literature at
Princeton. His works include: The Reality of
Religion (1884); The Story of the Psalms
(1887); The Poetry of Tennyson (1889, 1895):
The Christ-Child in Art (1894) : Little liiiers
( 1895) ; The Gospel for an Age of Doiiht ( 1896) ;
The Other Wise Man (189G)"; The Builders, and
Other Poems (1897) ; The Gospel for a World of
Hin (1899): The Toiling of Felix, and Other
Poems (1900) ; The Puling Passion (1901) ; and
The Blue Flower (1902). Some of his books at-
tained great popularity.
VAN DYKE, John Charles (1856—). An
American art critic, born at New Brunswick,
N. J., and educated at Columbia College. He
was admitted to the New Y'ork bar in 1877, and
afterwards was appointed professor of art his-
tory in Rutgers College. His publications in-
clude: Principles of Art (1887) ; Boio to Judge
a Picture (1888); Serious Art in Americw
(1889) ; Art for Art's Sake (189.3) ; A History
of Painting (1894) ; Old Duteh and Flemish Mas-
ters (1895); Modern French Masters (1896);
and Mature for Its Own Sake (1898).
VANE, Sir Hekht (Harry) (161302). An
ICnglish statesman. He was the son of Sir Henry
Vane, a statesman of the reign of Charles I, He
studied at Magdalen Hall, Oxford, but never
matriculated, becau.se he refused to take the
oath of allegiance and supremacy. At an early
age he became a Puritan, and embraced inde-
pendent principles in religion and republican
principles in politics. In 1035 he sailed for New
ICngl:ind. He was soon after elected (iovernor of
Massachusetts, but, having quarreled with the
leaders of the colony, returned to England in
1037. Through his father's interest he wn.s ap-
pointed treasurer of the navy, and entered Parlia-
ment in 1040. He immediately joined Pym and
the other Parliamentary leaders in their O])posi-
tion to Charles I., and was one of tlie originators
of the 'Root and Branch' Bill for the total aboli-
tion of episcopacy. After the death of Pym in
1043, Vane became the leader of the House of
Commons, which power he retained until 1646.
He was a memljer of the Westminster Assembly;
was the chief instrument in carrying the Self-
Denying Ordinance ( 1044) ; carried to the House
of Lords the articles of impeachment against
Archbishop Laud ; and was one of the commis-
sioners at the Treaties of U.xbridge (1044-45)
and the Isle of Wight (1048). But he Was too
strict a Parliamentarian to view with satisfac-
tion the increasing power of Cromwell and the
army. He labored for an accommodation with
the King, and after Pride's Purge refused to sit
in Parliament, taking no part in the execution
of the King. On the establishment of a Com-
monwealth, however, in February, 1049, he was
appointed one of the Council of State and was one
of its most active and efficient members. After
the expulsion of the Rump in 1053, he broke
definitely with Cromwell ami withdrew from
public affairs. In 1656 Vane wrote a book, en-
titled A Healing Question Propounded and Re-
soiced, which was so hostile to Cromwell's Pro-
tectorate, that the author was imprisoned in
Carisbrooke Castle, Isle of Wight, He was re-
leased after a detention of four months, and
attempts were made by Cromwell to win him over,
but Vane was inflexible, and during the rule
of the great Protector and his son Richard he
maintained an attitude of sullen discontent.
Wlien the Restoration took place. Vane was one
of the twenty persons excluded from the general
pardon; a«d in July, 1600, he was committed to
the Tower. On June 2, 1602, he was arraigned
and indicted for high treason before the Middle-
sex grand jury, found guilty, and on the 14th
was beheaded on Tower Hill, There are Lives
of Vane by Upham (New Y'ork, 1800) and
Hosmer (Boston, 1888).
VANES'SA, The disguised name given by
Swift to Ivsther 'anhomrigh, formed from the
first syllables of her whole name. She was the
daughter of a Dutch merchant, who had followed
William III. to Ireland and had received high
positions as tokens of that monarch's regard.
Sec Swift, .Jonathan.
VAN EYCK, ik. The name of two celebrated
Flemish jiainlcrs. See Eyck, Van.
VAN HISE, Charles Richard (1857—). An
.merican geoKigist and educator, born at Filton,
Wis. He graduated at the University of Wis-
consin in 1879, served successively on its faculty
as instructor in chemistry and metallurgy, as-
sistant professor of metallurgy', professor of
metallurgy, professor of metallurgy' and petrolo-
gy', and professor of geology until 1903, wlien he
was elected president of the university. He be-
came associated with the United States Geo-
logical Survey in 1883, thereafter served ;is as-
sistant geologist of the Lake Superior Division
(1883 to 1888). and geologist in charge of the
Lake Superior Division (1888 to 1900), and in
1900 was a|ii)oiiited geologist in charge of the
Division of tlie I're-Cambriaii and Mctamorphic
Geolog>'. In 1897 he was appointed consulting
geologist for the Wisconsin Geological and Natural
