VAN KOOY. 18 Wagner to offer him a Wagnerian role at Bay- reuth, after whieh he was engaged in similar parts in England and America. His first ap- pearance in London was in 1898, and lie came to New York in 1811!). Siilisequently he became a great favorite in CJurman opera in both cities. VANS. A people who, according to their in- scriptions, occupied what is now Armenia before the Armenians. Their language, preserved on the old Vannic moniinients, is l)eli(^ved to bo non- Aryan, with possibly Taucasic atlinities. VAN SANT'VOORD, Georcie (1810-03). An American lawyer and author, liorn at llelle- ville, K. J., and educated at Union College, where he graduated in 1841. lie studied law at Kinder- hook, N. Y., and, admitted to the bar in 1844, practiced there in 1846-51 and then removed to Troy, N. Y. He was a member of the State A.ssembly in 1852 and 1856, and district attorney for Kensselaer County from 1800 to 1863. His publications include: Principles of Pleading in Civil Actions Under the Sew York Code of Procedure ( 1852) ; A Treatise oti Practice in the Supreme Court of the State of New York in Equity Actions (1800) ; Life of Algernon Syd- ney (2d ed., 1853) ; and Lives of the Chief ,1ns- tices of the Suprniic Court of the United States. VAN SCHAACK, shiik, Peter (1747-1832). An American lawver and author, born at Kinder- hook, N. Y., and educated at Columbia Col- lege. In T-773 he was appointed to revise the colonial statutes, and in 1777 was summoned before the committee on conspiracies for op- posing the Revolution, and, refusing to swear allegiance to the State of New Y'ork, was sent to Boston, where he remained until the following year. He was then banished and went to Eng- land, returning to New York in 1785 after a stat- ute had been passed restoring his rights as a citizen. He was readmitted to the bar and gained a wide reputation as a practitioner and instruc- tor. During his later life he became totally blind. He published Laics of the Colony of Neio York (1773) and Conductor Generalis, or the Duty and Authority of Justices, Sheriffs, Coro- ners, etc. (1888). Consult Henry Van Schaack, Life, Journal, Diary, and Letters (New York, 1842). VAN TAS'SEL, Caterina. A beautiful girl, the pride of the village, in Irving's Legend of Sleepy Hollow. Ichabod Crane (q.v. ) is among her suitors. VAN TIEGHEM, ^•aN te'gaK'. Piiiuppe Edouard Leon (1839—). A French botanist, born at Bailleul (Nord). and educated at the Eeole Normale, where he became maitre de con- ferences in 1804. He was elected to the Academy of Sciences in 1877 and in 1879 became professor of botany in the iluseum of Natural History. He held a like position in the Institut National Agronomique and was appointed director of the laboratory of vegetable physiology and organog- raphy of the Eeole des Hautes Etudes. He trans- lated Sachs's great manual under the title Traitc de iotanique (1873-74), and wrote Recherches sur la structure du pistil et sur I'anatomie com- paree de In fleur (1871); Traits de hotanique (2d ed. 1891); Elements de hotanique (3d ed. 1898), and Recherches sur les phanerogames sans graines (1897). VAN WERT. VAN TWILOiER, Woutee or Walter (C.1580-C.105U). A governor of New Nether- land, born at Nieuwerkerk, Holland. L'nlil liis apiiointment as Governor, which he owed to the intluenoe of his wife's uncle, J.illian van Kens- selaer (q.v.), he was a clerk in the employ of the Dutch West India Company at Amsterdam. He arrived at New Amsterdam, as Governor, in 1033. Owing to his inexperience and lack of character, he was soon involved in troubles, not only with the neighboring English and Indians, but with his own people. In spite of his protests and a military demonstration, colonists from New England took possession of the Connecticut Valley, but he was more fortuuiite on the Dela- ware, where his soldiers captured a shipload of intending settlers from Virginia. Though his management of public affairs showed little ability, his shrewdness and the growing pros- perity of the colony enabled him to accumulate a considerable private fortune. He returned to Holland in 1037. VANUX'EM, Lardner (1792-1848). An American geologist, born in Philadelphia, Pa. He graduated in 1819 at the Eeole des Mines, Paris, and was professor of chemistry and min- eralogy at South Carolina College from 1819 to 1826. In 1827-28 he studied the geologj' of Ohio, New York, Tennessee, Kentucky, and Virginia, for the State of New Y'ork, to whose Legislature he submitted a report. From 1836 to 1842 he was a geologist of the New Y'ork Geological Sur- vey, in charge of the Third District. The Asso- ciation of American Geologists was originated in 1840 through his suggestion, and he was also one of the founders of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. He assisted in arranging the New York State geological collec- tion, the basis of the subsequent State museum. He published numerous papers. An Essay on the Ultimate Principles of Chemistry, Natural Phi- losophi/, and Physiology (1827), and Geology of Neiv York 3d District (1842). VANVES, vaNv. A town of the Department of Seine, France, one mile southwest of the forti- fications of Paris (Map: Paris and vicinity). Population, 10,915. VANVITELLI, van've-tel'le. LuiGi ( 1700-73) . An Italian architect. At the age of twenty-six he became architect of Saint Peter's. His mas- terpiece was the vast palace erected at Caserta in 1752 for Charles III. of Naples, with its re- markable garden and cascade. The palace, nearly 800 by COO feet, is distinguislied by many im- pressive features, especially its stairs, halls, and vistas, cliapel and theatre, and is one of the finest works of late Italian architecture. VAN WERT. The county-seat of A"an Wert County, O., 78 miles southwest of Toledo, on the Pennsylvania and the Cincinnati Northern rail- roads (Map: Ohio. A 4). It has the Brumback Library, with 4000 volumes, and public parks. Van Wert derives considerable commercial im- portance from its situation in a rich farming section, and among its industrial establishments are railway machine shops, and manufactories of pianos, lumber products, etc. The water- works are owned bv the municipality. Popula- tion, in 1890, 5512;' in 1900, 6422.
