WAYLAND. 378 WAYNE. sional Discourses (1S33); Elements of Moral Science (1835).. which has run through a hirge number of editions and revisions and has been translated into several foreign languages; Ele- ments of Political Economy (1837) ; Moral Laws of Aceiimulalion (1837); The Limitations of Human Rcsiioiisihilittj (1838) ; The Present Col- legiate System in the United States (1842) : Do- mestic Slareri/ Considered as a Scriptural In- stitution (1845); Sermons Delivered in the Chapel of Brown University (1849); Memoirs of Harriet Ware (1850) ; Memoirs of Adoniram Jiidson (2 vols., 1853) : Elements of Intellectual Philosophy (1854) ; Sotes on the Principles and Practices of the Baptist Churches (1857). Con- sult also his Life and Labors, by his sons, Fran- cis and Henry L. Wayland (New York, 1SG7 ) . See Browx Uxiver.sity. WAYLAND, Francis ( 1826-1904) . An Ameri- can hiwyer and educator, son of Francis Way- land ( i7l)li-lS(i5). He was born in Boston, Mass.. gi-aduated at Brown University in 1S4(J. studied law at Harvard, began the practice of the law .at Worcester, Mass., in 1850, and eight years later removed to New Haven, Conn., where he was judge of probate in 1864-65. In 186!) he was Lieutenant-Governor of Connecticut, and in 1872 became professor of jurisprudence in Yale University, of whose law school he served as dean from 1873 until 1903. He took an active interest in social science, especially in prison reform and vagrancy, and was president of the American Social Science Association in 1880, and. after 1872, of the Prison Aid Association. Besides papers and addresses on social science, he, with his brother, Henry L. W'ayland, a Bap- tist minister of Philadelphia, published Life and Labors of Francis Wayland (2 vols., 1867). WAYLAND THE SMITH (AS. Weland, Olcel. Vijhoidr, Ger. Wicland). A famous Ger- manic liero, originally a serai-divine goldsmith. According to the usual account, he was a son of the sea-giant Wade, who apjirenticed him to Mimi, a skilled smith. He was then taken across the sea to the dwarf's,, whom he soon surpassed at the forge. He afterwards long dwelt in Ulf- d.iler (the Wolf's Valley) along with his two brothers, Slagfidr and Eigil. Here the brothers met three swan-nymphs, with wliom they lived for seven years. Afterwards Wayland came to King Nidung, who cut the sinews of his feet, thus laming him forever, and then imprisoned him. For this cruel treatment Wa3'land put the King's two sons to death and violated liis daughter Beadohild, who became the mother of Wittich. a mighty champion. Wayland tlicn made a feather robe in which he flew away. The legend, with many variations and episodes, was long a favorite among llie Germanic peoples, as is shown l)y the frequent allusions to it in Scan- dinavian, German, and English poetry, and by numerous fragments yet extant in oral tradition. Wayland also appears as Galant in the French Chansons de Ceste. But the fullest single ac- count is to be found in the Elder Edda and in the Wilkina Saga. A still older version of the story is contained in Dfor, an old English lyric. By piecing together the old legends and filling in here and there, Karl Simrock reproduced Ihe sagn in bis poem Wicland dcr Schmird (Bonn, 1835), and again in the fourth part of his HeUlcnbuch (Stuttgart, 1843). The Germanic origin of the ayland legend has been ques- tioned. Although this seems to be going tog far, it is nevertheless clear that in the course of its growth something was taken from the Greek myths of Hephaestus and Daedalus. Consult the Corpus Poetieum Borcale, ed. with translations by Vigfusson and Powell (2 vols., O.xford, 1883) ; and J. Grimm's Deutsche Mythologie (4th ed., Berlin, 1875-78: English translation by Stally- brass, 4 vols., London, 1882-88). WAYNE, Akthoxy (1745-96). An American soldier, prominent in the Revolutionary War. He was born at Ea^ttown. Pa., and was edu- cated at Philadelphia. At the age of eighteen he was employed as a land-surveyor, and in 1765 was selected by Benjamin Franklin and his associates to act as agent and surveyor of a pro- jected settlement in Nova Scotia. He was for two years (1774-75) a member of the Pennsyl- vania Legislature, and in 1775 he also became a member of the Committee of Safety. At the outbreak of hostilities with England he raised a regiment of volunteers, of which, in January, 1776, he was appointed colonel, and was sent to Canada, where he covered the retreat of the American forces at Three Rivers. He commanded at Ticonderoga until 1777, when he was made brigadier-general and joined Washington in New Jersey. He commanded the rear-guard in the re- treat at Brandywine; led the attack at Ger- mantown; captured supplies for the distressed army at Valley Forge; distinguished himself at Monmouth; was defeated at Paoli, and finally achieved a brilliant victory in the storming of Stony Point (q.v.). July 16, 177!). His courage and skill greatly aided Lafayette in Virginia in 1780. where he also took part in the siege of Yorktown. Later he served in Georgia, and finally occupied Charleston. S. C, on its sur- render by the British, December 14, 1782. On October 10, 1783, he was made brevet major- general, and in the following year, having retired from the army, lie entered the Pennsylvania Legislature, and in 1787 was a member of the Pennsylvania convention which ratified the Fed- eral Constitution. Having removed to Georgia and settled on a plantation given him by the State in recognition of his services, he entered Congress from that State in 1701. but in 1792 upon a contest his seat was declared vacant, and in April of that year lie became commander- in-chief of the national army with the rank of major-general. His reputation as the 'Mad An- thony' of the Revolution survived and he was now called upon to end the In<lian troubles on the frontier, where Harmar and Saint Clair had failed. He began his campaigns in Ohio in the fall of 1703; in 1794 he was active on the "Maumee, and on August 2nth defeated the Indians decisively at Fallen Timbers, and in .August, 1795, he, with twelve of the North- western tribes, signed the Treaty of Greenville by which the United States acquired a large tract of territory. While still engaged on this service his death occurred at Erie, Pa. Thei-e are two Lives: bv J. Armstrong (Boston. 1834) and by IT. N. ]Ioore( Philadelphia. 1845). His Ordcrhi /foo/,- on the northern campaign has been edited by .L 'Munsell (Albany. 185!)) ; and S(ill(5 has wrilten Wajine and the Pennsylvania Line (Pliiladel]ihia, 1893). For Wayne's campaign against the Indians, consult Roosevelt, Winnitig
